Urinary system disorders Flashcards
Pollakiuria
Abnormal frequency of urination passing very small amounts of urine
What are some possible causes of cystitis?
- Idiopathic
- Trauma/urethral sphincter dysfunction
- Urithiasis (urinary calculi)
- Neoplasia
What are some clinical signs associated with cystitis?
- Pollakiuria
- Urinary tenesmus
- Haematuria
- Incontinence
- Dysuria/straining
- Urine scalding
What treatment and nursing care can be done for a patient with cystitis?
- Assist with diagnostics
- Medication under VS direction
- Monitor vital signs
- Urinary catheterisation
- Assist with bladder lavage
- Monitor urine output (frequency/colour/amount)
- Monitor behaviour
- Management and grooming (check for urine scalds)
What is urolithiasis?
- Uriniary calculi, uroliths (bladder stones)
- Most common form in the urinary bladder
- May drop into the urethra (pass through/obstruct)
What are some possible causes of urolithiasis?
- Urinary tract infection
- High dietary intake of certain minerals (manage struvite, rate and cystine crystals)
- Disease or genetic predisposition
- Rabbit urine is typically alkaline and has a high mineral content
What are some clinical signs of urolithiasis?
- Dysuria/pollakuria/hematuria/incontinence
- Scalding of perineum (females)
- Extended penis (dripping urine)
- Distended bladder
What diagnostics can be done for a patient with suspected urolithiasis?
- Physical exam
- Ultrasound
- Urethral endoscope
What treatment and nursing care can be done for a patient with urolithiasis?
- Surgery/manual retrieval
- Laser or shockwave therapy
- Bladder lavage
- Urine culture and analysis of urolith
- Dietary considerations
- Monitor vital signs
- Fresh water available
- Monitor urine output (colour/frequency/amount)
- Monitor behaviour
What are some possible causes of urinary incontinence?
- Neurological disease
- Cystitis
- Prostatic disease
- Urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence (USMI)
- Ectropic ureters
- Bladder neck tumour
What are some clinical signs associated with incontinence?
- Passing urine when lying down or walking
- Urine around perineum
- Scalding of the skin around perineum
What treatment can be done for a patient with incontinence?
- Specific to cause
- Medication
- Surgery
- Chemotherapy
- Castration
- Antibiotics
What nursing care can be done for a patient with incontinence?
- Clip and clean perineum
- Barrier cream
- Clean bedding
- Medication
- Monitoring
What are some possible causes of feline lower urinary tracts disease (FLUTD)?
- Idiopathic (up to 65% of cases)
- Urethral plugs
- Uroliths
- Bacterial infection
What treatment can be done for a patient with obstructive FLUTD?
- Urgent
- Blood tests
- Cystocentesis
- IVFT
- GA blockage removal
- Bladder flush and catheterisation
- Medication under VS direction
What nursing care can be done for a patient with obstructive FLUTD?
- Monitoring
- Blood tests
- IVFT
- Maintenance of urinary catheter (if applicable)
- Cleaning/grooming
- Medication under VS direction