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Patient Care 2 > Sensory system disease > Flashcards

Sensory system disease Flashcards

1
Q

Entropion

A

Inversion of the upper or lower eyelid

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2
Q

Ectropion

A

Eversion of the lower eyelid (away from the eyeball)

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3
Q

Distichiasis

A

Extra row of eyelashes

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4
Q

What clinical signs may be seen with eyelid conditions?

A
  • Blepharospasm (excessive blinking)
  • Increased lacrimation
  • Ocular discharge
  • Third eyelid protrusion
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5
Q

What treatment and nursing care can be done for patients with eyelid conditions?

A
  • Anti-inflammatory eyedrops
  • Antibacterial eyedrops
  • Surgical correction
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6
Q

What are the possible causes of conjunctivitis?

A
  • Bacterial infection
  • Viral infection (herpes)
  • Allergies (eg. pollen)
  • Foreign body
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7
Q

What diagnostics and clinical signs may be seen with conjunctivitis?

A

Diagnostics:

  • Visual examination
  • Corneoconjunctival culture (local anaesthetic on eye, take swab and send off for culture)

Clinical signs:

  • Blepharospasm
  • Increased lacrimation
  • Oedema
  • Conjunctival hyperaemia (red conjunctiva)
  • Ocular discharge
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8
Q

What nursing care and treatment is done for conjunctivitis?

A

Nursing care:

  • Prevention of self-trauma and interference
  • Bathe eyes to remove any discharge
  • Apply medication as needed

Treatment:

  • Antibiotic eyedrops
  • Anti-inflammatory eyedrops
  • Antiviral eyedrops
  • Antihistamine eyedrops
  • Surgical correction of eyelid deformities
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9
Q

What is Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS)?

A

Dry eye due to a reduction in aqueous tear production (A.K.A dry eye)

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10
Q

What clinical signs may be present for KCS/dry eye?

A
  • Vascularisation (creates blood vessels and move to eye, impairing vision)
  • Ulceration
  • Opacity of the cornea
  • Recurrent conjunctivitis
  • Mucoid or mucopurulent discharge on and around the surface of the eye
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11
Q

What are the diagnostics, treatments and nursing care implications for KCS/dry eye?

A

Diagnostics:
-Schirmer tear test

Treatment & nursing care:

  • Tear substitutes
  • Antibiotic eyedrops if infected
  • Anti-inflammatory eyedrops
  • Good ocular hygiene
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12
Q

What is the normal reading in a schemer tear test?

A

15-25mm/min

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13
Q

What is a corneal ulceration?

A
  • Wound/abrasion on the corneal surface

- Common condition which varies in severity

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14
Q

What are the causes of corneal ulcerations?

A
  • Eyelash/eyelid disorders
  • Foreign body
  • Trauma
  • KCS/dry eye
  • Infection
  • Direct trauma (eg. hibiscrub)
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15
Q

What clinical signs may be seen with corneal ulceration?

A
  • Ocular pain
  • Ocular discharge
  • Blepharospasm
  • Increased lacrimation
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16
Q

What diagnostics can be done for corneal ulceration?

A
  • Visual inspection

- Fluorescein dye

17
Q

What treatment and nursing care is done for corneal ulcerations?

A
  • Antibiotic eyedrops
  • EDTA serum drops
  • Analgesia
  • Bandage contact lenses
  • Close monitoring
  • Prevention of patient interference
  • Careful medication regimes
  • Surgical procedures
18
Q

What is Uveitis?

A

Inflammation of the iris

19
Q

What are some clinical signs seen with uveitis?

A
  • Pain
  • Blepharospasm
  • Miotic (constriction) pupil
  • Red eye
  • Photophobia
  • Lacrimation
  • Reduced intraocular pressure
20
Q

What are the treatment and nursing care implications for uveitis?

A
  • Treatment of underlying cause
  • Topical atropine (dilates pupils)
  • Topical corticosteroids or NSAIDs
  • System corticosteroids or NSAIDs
  • Constant monitoring allowing for evaluation
  • Low lighting
  • Careful medication regimes
21
Q

What is glaucoma?

A

An elevation in intraocular pressure due to inadequate drainage of aqueous humour within the globe

22
Q

What are the clinical signs of glaucoma?

A
  • Painful red eye(s)
  • Corneal oedema
  • Swelling of globe
  • Dilated pupil
  • Retinal damage
23
Q

What diagnostics can be done for glaucoma?

A
  • Examination

- Measuring intraocular pressure

24
Q

What treatment and nursing care can be done for glaucoma?

A
  • Emergency medical treatment to reduce intraocular pressure
  • Analgesia
  • Specialist treatment
  • Enucleation
  • Prevention of self trauma
  • Careful following of medication regimes
  • Monitoring intraocular pressure
25
Q

What is tonometry and what are the normal values for dogs and cats?

A
  • Evaluates force required to flatten the corneal surface
  • Measures intraocular pressure (IOP)
  • Dogs = 15-25 mmHg
  • Cats = 20-30 mmHg
  • High IOP = glaucoma
  • Low IOP = uveitis
26
Q

What is cataracts?

A

Clouding of the lens resulting in reduction/absence of vision

27
Q

What nursing care can be done for patients with cataracts/blindness?

A
  • Don’t change environment
  • Consistent routine
  • Safe friend
  • Corner protectors on sharp objects
  • Noise stimulation
  • Blind dog “halo”

Patient Care 2 (13 decks)

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