Urinary System Conditions

Question 1

Name a hormone secreted by the kidneys.

Answer 1

EPO, erythropoietin.

Question 2

List 4 types of kidney stones and identify the most common type.

Answer 2

Calcium stones are the most common, struvite stones, Uric acid stones, cystine stones, or other stones from a secondary problem ex: medications.

Question 3

Identify what part of the kidney is affected with poly cystic kidney disease.

Answer 3

Genetic mutation in the cells that form tubules or collecting ducts in the kidneys.

Question 4

Explain the difference between uncomplicated and complicated pyelonephritis.

Answer 4

Uncomplicated is caused by a bacterial infection, usually E. Coli. Complicated usually involve structural anomalies.

Question 5

List the stages of chronic renal failure.

Answer 5

Renal failure is a progression along a continuum of lost function: stage 1: kidney damage is minor and GFR is above 90mL per min. Stage 2: mild reduction in function and GFR is 60 to 89 mL per min. Keeps getting worse through 5 stages until GFR is under 15 mL per min.

Question 6

Define glomerular filtration rate.

Answer 6

120 mL per minute, 180 L per day. The efficiency of fluid passing through the kidneys.

Question 7

Identify the most common early symptoms of bladder cancer.

Answer 7

Hematuria, or blood in the urine.

Question 8

Explain why women are more prone to urinary tract infections than men.

Answer 8

Women have a short urethra that is closer to the anus.

Question 9

Name the causative agent of most urinary tract infections and uncomplicated pyelonephritis.

Answer 9

Usually caused by E Coli.

Question 10

How can kidney dysfunction lead to anemia?

Answer 10

The hormone EPO production drops, which drops the production of red blood cells.

Question 11

Name the basic functional unit of the kidneys.

Answer 11

Nephrons.