Principles Of Cancer

Question 1

Identify the difference between external and internal factors for cancer development.

Answer 1

Internal factors: inhibition of apoptosis (cell death), inherited factors, hormonal activity, immune system function. External factors: 243 substances listed as carcinoma, hydrocarbons in cigarette smoke, substances found in dyes, inks, and paint. Radiation from the sun, radon gas, gamma rays, or x-Rays and CT scans, etc. Some Viruses, Bacteria, and animal parasites.

Question 2

Name 5 infectious agents associated with cancer risk.

Answer 2

HTLV-1, HPV, HHV-8, HIV, EBV, HBV and HCV, Helicobactor pylori.

Question 3

Name 6 early signs of cancer.

Answer 3

A change in bowel or bladder habits, blood in stool or urine. A sore that does not heal or that comes and goes in the same place. Uterine bleeding between periods or post menopause. Thickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere. A prostate exam that shows enlargement. Indigestion or swallowing difficulty. Persistent cough or hoarseness or coughing up blood. Unexplained weight loss. Fatigue, anemia. Unexplained fever.

Question 4

Name 5 habits that reduce the risk of cancer.

Answer 4

Stop smoking and other tobacco use, avoid known carcinogens, use sunscreen or clothing to protect from UV radiation, eat healthy foods, exercise regularly and control weight, use alcohol moderately, practice safe sex, vaccinate against cancer causing pathogens, use early cancer screening methods.

Question 5

Identify what TNM stand for.

Answer 5

Tumor, node, metastasis.

Question 6

Name 5 treatment options for cancer.

Answer 6

Surgery, radio frequency thermal ablation, chemotherapy, autologous, allogenic bone marrow transplant, radiation, hormones, hypothermia, hyperthermia, biologic (targeted) therapy, stem cell implantation.

Question 7

Name 3 complications or side effects of cancer treatment.

Answer 7

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Question 8

Name 3 cautions for massage and cancer.

Answer 8

Tumor sites, bone involvement, vital organ involvement, deep vein thrombosis.

Question 9

Name 3 cautions for massage and cancer treatments.

Answer 9

Surgery. Radiation therapy (damaged skin, implanted pellets, GI irritation, bone marrow suppression, fatigue.) Chemotherapy (bone marrow suppression, anemia, infection, clotting, hand foot syndrome, neuropathy, some expression through skin). Other therapies.

Question 10

Describe the difference between a carcinoma and a sarcoma.

Answer 10

Cancer from epithelium is a carcinoma, cancer from muscle is a sarcoma.