Endocrine System Conditions Flashcards
Identify the functions of the hormones calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, thyroxine, epinephrine, and cortisol.
Calcitonin is secreted by the thyroid, which extracts calcium from the blood to add to bone density. Cortisol is a steroid from the adrenal Cortes which is an anti inflammatory, dissolves connective tissue, low-grade stress. Epinephrine is a steroid hormone secreted from the adrenal gland which causes short term high stress. Parathyroid hormone comes from parathyroid glands, which pulls calcium off the bones to raise blood calcium. Thyroxine (T4), secreted by the thyroid gland which stimulates the metabolism of fuel into energy.
Identify the 2 most common types of diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes, this is an autoimmune disorder, it is rarer and more serious. Type 2 diabetes, which can be controlled be diet, exercise, meds, or insulin.
List 2 emergencies associated with extremes in blood glucose levels.
Ketoacidosis, which is a shortage of insulin and lack of glucose In the cells which can cause hyperosmolality (a change in ph levels in the blood). Also, insulin shock, which is too much insulin.
Describe 3 possible complications of type 2 diabetes that affect organs outside the endocrine system.
Cardiovascular disease, edema, kidney disease, ulcers, gangrene, and amputations, neuropathy.
Explain why people who are treated for hyperthyroidism often develop hypothyroidism.
The treatments for hyperthyroidism usually cause the thyroid to stop working properly, but it is easier to treat hypothyroidism.
Name 3 signs of hypothyroidism.
TSH is high, T4 is low, T3 is normal. A person who cannot convert fuel into energy is likely to gain weight, feel fatigued and depressed, have a sluggish digestive system, puffy face, poor tolerance to cold, loss of hair.
Name 5 factors that contribute to metabolic syndrome.
High triglycerides, low HDLs (good cholesterol) ,hypertension, central obesity, high fasting blood glucose levels.
Identify 2 conditions for which metabolic syndrome is a predictor.
Type 2 diabetes, heart attack.
Name 3 types of thyroid cancer.
Papillary thyroid cancer, follicular thyroid cancer, medullary thyroid cancer, anaplastic thyroid cancer, thyroid lymphoma.
Describe why the pituitary gland is called the master gland.
He pituitary gland receives electrical and chemical impulses from the hypothalamus and then sends out signals to the targeted tissues.
