Urinary system Flashcards
urine forms through the formation of three processes…
filtration , active transport , osmosis
glomerular blood pressure is higher than the systolic blood pressure because…
the kinking and twisting of the glomerular vessels.
a knotted vessel at the beginning of each nephron.
-formed from an incoming arteriole
glomerular
the blood vessel leaving each nephron then breaks into….
peritubular capillaries
- glued to the hilus
- where the formed urine is collected and passed to the ureters
the renal pelvis
the incoming (afferent) arterioles have a larger diameter than the outgoing (efferent) glomerular arterioles which increases…
increases pressure in the glomerulus by creating back pressure.
to filter the blood, the blood pressure must…
overcome the pressure of the fluid already in the capsule (capsular pressure) and the osmotic pressure of the blood .
cone shaped structures formed from an accumulation of collecting ducts filled with urine
renal pyramids
ions and water are returned to the peritubular capillaries in a process called…
tubular reabsorption.
the nephron’s tubule has three sections which are…
1- PCT extends from the glomerular capsule
2- loop of Henle
3- DCT connected to the collecting duct
the cells that line the PCT are covered with…
microvilli
a capsule that surrounds the glomerulus
glomerular capsule (Bowman’s capsule).
essential ions and water are sent back to the blood via…
osmosis and diffusion
urine formation begins in the …….. and is finalized in the …….
begins : glomerulus
finalized : renal pelvis
glucose returns to the blood using…
facilitated diffusion
a large artery enters the kidney at the…..
hilus
the three steps in urine formation are…
1 - Glomerular Filtration
2 - Tubular Reabsorption
3 - Tubular Secretion
calcitrol hormone function?
- the active form of vitamin D
- helps maintain blood calcium levels
- requires ATP
- removes waste products too large to filter like steroids and drug breakdown products
tubular secretion.
filtrate is finally referred to as urine when it reaches the…
renal pelvis
erythropoietin hormone function?
stimulates production of new red blood cells
- a hollow variable sized organ
- lined with transitional epithelium to allow expansion
urinary bladder
the kidneys are covered with a tough outer membrane capsule called…?
the renal capsule
three criteria must be met in order to filter blood plasma through the glomerulus…
1- blood pressure must be HIGH to force plasma out of the glomerular vessel walls.
2- fluid in the glomerulus must be LOW to allow more fluid into the nephron tubules.
3- osmotic pressure of blood in the peritubular capillaries must be HIGH to draw back water coming from the nephron tubule.
the site of blood filtration is the ….
nephron
