Endocrine system Flashcards

1
Q

the cells that hormones act upon are called….

A

target cells

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2
Q

difference between NS and endocrine system in communication, response, duration, function?

A

NS - wired communication ,rapid response, short duration, muscle movement and temp
endocrine- wireless, slow response, long duration, metabolism and growth.

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3
Q

…….. act to increase or decrease the production of specific proteins (in steroid hormones)

A

the receptor-hormone complexes

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4
Q

1- Androgens and estrogens
2- mineralocorticoids
3- glucocorticoids
4- calcitriol

A

steroid hormones

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5
Q

cyclic AMP works as a ……….. that carries information from the first hormone to the interior of the call (non steroid)

A

second messenger

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6
Q

……..hormones affect target cells quickly, short lasting effect.

A

non-steroid

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7
Q

the endocrine is directly tied to the NS through ……….

A

hypothalamus

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8
Q
  • is composed of neuroendocrine neurons
    -produce :
    1- oxytocin : childbirth and lactation hormone
    2-antidiuretic hormone ADH (affect nephron in the kidney) and (reabsorb water and increase blood pressure)
A

The posterior pituitary

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9
Q
  • composed of glandular tissue

- produces hormones that stimulate growth, metabolic rate, milk production, and glucocorticoid production.

A

the anterior pituitary

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10
Q

………… hormones that cause (stimulate) target cells to secrete other hormones

A

messenger hormones

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11
Q

(anterior pituitary) a hormone that stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids

A

ACTH

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12
Q

(2anterior pituitary hormone)

  • both are gonadotropins
  • stimulate growth of ovaries and testes (estrogen and testosterone )
A

follicule-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing (LH)

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13
Q

(pituitary glands)

  • directly stimulates target cells
  • …..1….. stimulates milk production in females
  • …..2….. stimulates growth of muscles, cartilage,and bone, causes many cells to speed up protein synthesis, cell division and the burning of fats for energy.
A

1- Prolactin (PRL)

2- Human growth hormone (hGH)

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14
Q

located on top of the kidney

A

adrenal gland

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15
Q

the ….. …… secretes :
1- glucocorticoids
2- mineralocorticoids
3- small amount of estrogen and testosterone

A

adrenal cortex

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16
Q

the ……. …….. secretes:

- epinephrine and norepinephrine

A

adrenal medulla

17
Q

(adrenal gland)

similar to cortisol in that it promotes the use of fats and proteins as energy source.

18
Q

(adrenal glands) hormone that monitor and maintain ion balance

A

mineralocorticoid

19
Q

(adrenal glands) hormone that regulates sodium and potassium which affects water balance

A

aldosterone

20
Q

( adrenal glands) 2 hormones that help maintain secondary Male and female sex characteristics.

A

estrogen and testosteron

21
Q

(adrenal glands)

  • 2 non steroid hormones
  • flight or fight
A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

22
Q
  • is responsible for the cellular conversion of glucose to ATP
  • located in the thyroid gland
A

Thyroxin (T4)

23
Q

………….. occurs when the thyroid over-secretes the thyroid hormones.

A

Hyperthyroidism

24
Q

fluid build up behind eyes, makes them pop from sockets, making the whites of the eyes visible

A

Exophthalmos

25
- occurs more often in females | - increases production of TSH causes thyroid to enlarge a condition called "the goiter"
graves diseases
26
``` (thyroid gland) -stimulates calcium uptake by osteoblast depositing it into the bones --causes increased bone mass - inhibits osteoclasts preventing bone from getting destroyed ```
Calcitonin
27
the parathyroid glands secrete ..................... -removes calcium and phosphate from bones, stimulates uptake of calcium from the digestive tract, and prevents loss of calcium in the kidneys ( where calcium is exchanged for phosphate.)
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
28
- located in the anterior mediastinum - infancy and childhood - secretes hormones For lymphatic cell maturation (thymosin) AND (thymopoietin)
Thymus gland
29
-in the brain - like thymus, it's more active in infancy and childhood -- secretes Melatonin (sleep patterns)
Pineal Gland
30
in pancreas - carried out by the acini - secrete digestive enzymes through ducts
Exocrine glands
31
in pancreas - carried out by islets of Langerhans - secrete several hormones involved in maintaining blood glucose levels
endocrine glands
32
isles of langerhans contain three secreting cells: 1- Alpha cells - secrete ......... to raise blood glucose 2-Beta cells - secrete ......... to lower blood glucose 3-Delta cells- secrete ........ to inhibit if hormones over-produce
1- glucagon 2-insulin 3-somatostatin
33
long chains of bonded glucose molecules
glycogen
34
hormones secreted by the kidney: 1-........ stimulates the production of RBC 2-....... involved in calcium ion homeostasis 3-....... secreted when the kidney renal blood is low (to raise blood volume)
1- Erythropoietin 2- calcitriol 3- renin
35
hormones secreted by the intestine : 1- ......... stimulates stomach secretions 2- ....... causes release of bile 3- ....... causes pancreas to secrete digestive enzymes into duodenum
1- gastrin 2- cholecystokinin 3- secretin
36
hormones secreted by the heart: | -.......... decreases blood volume by causing water loss, opposite function of renin
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)