Nervous system Flashcards
1-special senses:
2-general sensory receptors:
3-visceral receptors :
1- sight, hearing,taste,smell
2- external temp, light, touch, pain
3- proprioception, organ function
the …….. division governs the body’s responses to changes in homeostasis with involuntary reactions.
autonomic
the ………..division is involved in conscious movement regulating skeletal cells.
somatic
- flight of fight response
- nerves in the thoracic and lumbar regions of spinal cord.
sympathetic NS
- relaxation, digestio, energy storage
- nerves in cranial and sacral regions of the spinal cord
parasympathetic NS
functional unit of the NS ….
neuron
neurons arranged bundles called…..
nerves
supporting cells of nervous tissue
neuralgia
PNS cells and function:
satellite cells : regulate oxygen,co2, nutrients, and neurotransmitter. levels around ganglia
Schwann cells: surround axons in PNS, aids in repair after injury.
CNS cells and functions:
1-oligodendrocytes: surround axons in CNS
2-microglia: clean up pathogens via phagocytosis (CNS)
3- astrocytes: maintain blood barrier, regulate nutrients, form scar tissue after injury
4-ependymal cells: line ventricles and. central canal of SC , assist in CSF production.
………. neurons detect conditions in the environment or body
sensory
………. neurons carry instruction to the body
motor
……….. connect sensory and motor neurons.
interneurons
respond to trans membrane voltage changes
voltage-gated channels
are chemically regulated channels
ligand-gated channels
are chemicals used to transmit the nerve impulse from one cell to the next.
neurotransmitters
are a series of three consecutive tissue coverings between the nervous tissue and the bone
the meninges
- maintain uniform pressure and blood brain barrier
- made in ventricles
cerebrospinal fluid.
- oldest part of the brain
- mid brain, medulla oblongata, pons
- regulate heart beat, breathing, blood pressure
- sneezing, coughing, hiccuping, swallowing
Brain stem
- muscles and movement
- important in learning motor skills like riding a bike etc
- important in proprioception
The cerebellum
- relay center for sensory info and motor responses
- visual and auditory reflexes
- hypothalamus :secretes hormones(pituitary gland), body temp, heart rate, blood pressure, smooth muscle contraction.
- thalamus : relay station, the limbic system (emotions)
The Diencephalon
- largest portion of the brain
- learning, remembering
- four lobes: frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal
- surface covered in (creases) sulci and (raised areas) gyri
The Cerebrum
outer layer of cerebrum is called ……
cerebral cortex
outer layer of cerebrum is composed of ……
- folded for surface area
- neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, non-myelinated axons
- sensation and voluntary movement and thoughts.
grey matter
inner layer of cerebrum consists of …….
- myelinated axons covered in lipids for faster impulse transmission
- info passed between areas of the brain via tracts of white matter
white matter
