immunity and the lymphatic system Flashcards

1
Q

…..are disease causing agents such as fungus , bacteria, virus.

A

Pathogens

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2
Q
  • inborn
  • mounts the same defenses regardless of pathogen type
  • no memory
A

nonspecific (innate) immunity

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3
Q
  • part is inborn and part develops over course of life
  • mounts a specific attack against a specific pathogen
  • develops memory
A

specific (acquired) immunity

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4
Q
  • skin, mucous membrane , mucus, hairs, tears, saliva, urine, defecation, and vomiting
  • sebum, lysozyme, gastric juices, vaginal secretions.
A

physical and chemical surface Barriers of first line defense (innate immunity)

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5
Q

antimicrobial proteins, interferons, and the complement system
- fever, inflammation, phagocytes

A

inter cellular and chemical defenses of second Line defense (innate immunity)

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6
Q

interactions of white blood cells antibodies, and microphages
-helps protect against cancer

A

immune responses of Third line defense (specific immunity)

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7
Q

mucous membrane provide …………. immunity

A

nonspecific

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8
Q

mucous is secreted by some of the epithelial cells called the

A

goblet cells

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9
Q
  • oil from sebaceous glands

- forms a protective acidic film over skin that is hostile to many bacteria.

A

sebum

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10
Q

contains an enzyme called lysozyme which is a natural antibacterial chemical.

A

perspiration, tears ,saliva

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11
Q

help create a hostile environment for other microbes

A

Bacteria

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12
Q

the complement system is affective against …….. but not ………

A

bacteria , viruses

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13
Q

the complement complex kills bacteria by…

A

impaling the bacterial wall and then osmotic pressure forces water into it . therefore destroying it

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14
Q

is secreted by virus infected cell and passes to nearby uninfected cells to prevent further spread of virus infection.

A

Interferon

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15
Q

proteins responsible for high temperature causing a fever

A

Pyrogens

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16
Q

how does the fever harm pathogens directly and indirectly ?

A

direct: high temperature harms the pathogens
indirect: raising the metabolic rate

17
Q

inflammation is triggered by many factors such as…

A

1- pathogen entry
2- tissue abrasion
3- chemical irritation
4- extreme temperatures

18
Q

damaged cells release …. , … , …. to trigger inflammation when released into the interstitial fluid

A

prostaglandins , proteins, potassium

19
Q
the benefits of ........ include :
1-temporary tissue repair
2- blockage of continued pathogen entry
3- slowing of pathogen spreading
4- quicker repair of the damaged tissue
A

inflammation

20
Q

the first phagocyte to leave the blood vessels in response to infection or cell damage.

A

neutrophils (microphages)

21
Q
  • large actively patrolling white blood cells that left the blood vessels
  • travel through every tissue looking for foreign material
A

Macrophages

22
Q
  • filter and clean lymph

- tonsils , spleen , bone marrow, thymus, lymph nodes, and peyer’s patches.

A

lymphatic organs and tissues

23
Q
  • return excess fluid from the tissues to the bloodstream
  • absorb fats from the intestine and transport them to the bloodstream
  • defend the body against specific invaders
A

lymph nodes

24
Q

specialized B-lymphocytes create disease fighting compounds called antibodies

A

Antibody-mediated (humoral) immunity

25
specialized T-lymphocytes directly attack pathogen containing cells through cell to cell contact.
cell mediated (cellular) immunity
26
- mature in the blood marrow - spend most of their time inside lymph nodes and interstitial fluid. - produce specific antibodies in response to a particular pathogen.
B cells ( B lymphocytes)
27
- mature in the thymus gland | - involved in direct destruction pf antigen containing cells (through cell to cell contact)
T cells ( T lymphocytes)
28
antibodies inactivate antigens, usually by causing them to ..........
agglutinate
29
Vaccinations rely on using ..........
memory B cells
30
five classes of antibodies( immunoglobulins) :
ig G : most common 80% ig A : found in secretions like saliva ig M : predominant in infants 9% ig E : responsible for immediate allergic reactions ig D : binds antigens that stimulate B cell activation, found. in mature B cells
31
two populations of T cells and function :
cytotoxic T cells : - seek out and destroy(make holes) pathogens all over the body - stimulated to divide by cytokines releases from helper T cells - respond specifically to altered HLA (human leukocyte antigen) helper T cells : - stimulate cytotoxic T cells and also matching B cells
32
natural killer cells are part of the
non specific immune response
33
immunity from experience such as - natural : flu - artificial: vaccines
active immunity
34
the secondary response will be ............ than the primary response because it will remember that pathogen
FASTER