Urinary System

Question 1

What is an organ system?

Answer 1

A collection of organs, tissues and processes which carry out a specific function

Question 2

What is the structure of the urinary system?

Answer 2

The kidneys, ureter, bladder and urethra

Question 3

What is the function of the urinary system?

Answer 3

To excrete waste from the body through urine and regulate electrolyte balance

Question 4

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

Answer 4

To control the urinary system by releasing antidiuretic hormone, which is responsible for regulating % of water in the blood

Question 5

What is the function of the antidiuretic hormone?

Answer 5

Regulates % of water in the blood – Decides whether excess water needs to be kept in the nephron or sent back to the blood. If the blood is of high concentration, it will need more water, in which the reabsorption process will take place.

Question 6

What is the function of electrolytes?

Answer 6

To hydrate the body, rebuild damaged tissue, balance blood and acidity pressure and regulate nerve and muscle function

Question 7

Give 2 structures of the kidneys

Answer 7

1) Nephrons – Millions of these in the kidneys to produce urine
2) Renal Capsule – Connective tissue that surrounds the kidneys

Question 8

Give 2 functions of the kidneys

Answer 8

1) Formation of Urine – Made up of excess water, electrolytes and waste products from metabolism
2) Excretion of Waste – Removes excess water, electrolytes and toxins from the body

Question 9

Give 3 processes needed in the formation of urine

Answer 9

1) Ultrafiltration – Blood is filtrated at a high pressure, removing solutes such as glucose, electrolytes and waste products from metabolism
2) Selective Reabsorption – Regulated by the antiduretic hormone, substances which are needed in the body such as water, glucose and electrolytes are returned to the blood in the capillaries
3) Secretion – Removes unwanted substances such as waste, excess water and electrolytes through urine

Question 10

Give 1 structure of the ureter

Answer 10

Two tubular structures that connect the kidneys to the bladder

Question 11

Give 1 function of the ureter

Answer 11

Transports urine from the kidneys to the bladder for storage

Question 12

Give 1 structure of the bladder

Answer 12

Muscular sac located in the pelvis

Question 13

Give 1 function of the bladder

Answer 13

Stores urine

Question 14

Give 1 structure of the urethra

Answer 14

Surrounded by the sphincter muscle

Question 15

Give 1 function of the urethra

Answer 15

Releases urine from the body

Question 16

Explain how the urinary system works

Answer 16

n/a