Urinary System

Question 1

where is intermediate mesoderm found?

Answer 1

only found in caudal region

Question 2

what do intermediate mesoderm differentiate into? and what does this then connect with?

Answer 2

into nephrotome (forms connection with dorsal aorta)

Question 3

what does the external glomerulus extend into?

Answer 3

the intra-embryonic cavity

Question 4

what is the glomerulus?

Answer 4

cluster of blood vessels

Question 5

what does the internal glomerulus associate with?

Answer 5

forms association with nephric tubule

Question 6

what happens on day 24?

Answer 6

the pronephric= segmented intermediate mesoderm

Question 7

what happens in the mesospheric duct?

Answer 7

Condensation in mesoderm alongside pronephroi

Question 8

what happens on day 25?

Answer 8

Mesonephros form= 40 produced, regress around day 39 but leave 20 pairs. Become directory units until week 10 then regress.

Question 9

Until kidneys are formed where is blood filtered?

Answer 9

Mesonephros

Question 10

what happens around week 5?

Answer 10

Metanephros form= becomes kidney pepper. Metanephric blastema and cretic bud forms kidney.

Question 11

what happens on day 28?

Answer 11

uteteric buds sprout from distal mesonephric ducts

Question 12

what happens on day 32?

Answer 12

ureteric buds penetrate metanephric blastema

Question 13

when does the function of metanephros begin?

Answer 13

week 9-11

Question 14

what does the metanephros form form?

Answer 14

ureteric bud and metanephroc blastema

Question 15

what happens on day 36?

Answer 15

cretic bud receives signal to branch about 4 generations of bifurcations.

Question 16

what happens on day 50?

Answer 16

coalescing called intussusception.

Question 17

what is the function of the ureteric bud?

Answer 17

the collecting system

Question 18

what is a nephron?

Answer 18

the functional unit for the filtration of blood and production of urine

Question 19

what are the 4 parts to the nephron?

Answer 19

1. Bowman’s capsule
2. Proximal convoluted tubule
3. Loop of henle
4. Distal convoluted tubule

Question 20

what is the first stage of the formation of a nephron?

Answer 20

1. Blastimal cap associated with tip receives signals to underground’s transformation to epithelial structure= nephric vesicle

Question 21

what is the second stage of the formation of a nephron?

Answer 21

2. vesicle elongates and becomes s- shaped

Question 22

what is the third stage of the formation of a nephron?

Answer 22

3. vesicle contacts blood vessels (glomerulus) and swells to become bowman capsule.

Question 23

what is the fourth stage of formation of a nephron?

Answer 23

4. At other end vesicle contacts ampulla to form continuous lumen

Question 24

where is the ascent of the kidney located?

Answer 24

ascend from pelvis to L1

Question 25

when does the ascent of the kidneys develop?

Answer 25

weeks 6-9

Question 26

where is the blood supply to the ascent of the kidneys?

Answer 26

initially from common iliac arteries

Question 27

As the kidney ascend what happens in relation to blood?

Answer 27

They receive blood from aortic branches closest to them. As they move up, blood supply changes and more caudal vessels degenerate. If no degeneration get accessory arteries.

Question 28

Name 2 development abnormalities?

Answer 28

- Pelvic Kidney | - Horseshoe Kidney

Question 29

what is pelvic kidney?

Answer 29

one kidney fails to ascend

Question 30

what is horseshoe kidney?

Answer 30

Inferior poles of metanephroi meet and fuse before ascent -> kidney trapped beneath IMA.

Question 31

what is the cloaca spilt into?

Answer 31

- rectum | - primitive urogenital sinus

Question 32

what is the primitive urogenital sinus split into?

Answer 32

- bladder - pelvic urethra - definitive urogenital sinus

Question 33

what does the mesonephric duct become?

Answer 33

vans deferens

Question 34

the mesonephric duct comes into what?

Answer 34

primitive urogenital sinus

Question 35

what forms the trigone?

Answer 35

Mesonephric ducts incorporate into posterior bladder wall to form the trigone.