Urinary System Flashcards
The urinary system filters about how many liters of fluid from her body each day?
200 L
Extracts waste products, toxins, excess of compounds and acts ad as a water purifier
Urinary system
Urinary system consists of what four things?
Two kidneys
Two ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra
What are some functions of the urinary system?
Excretes toxins, metabolic wastes drugs, compounds that are in excess from the blood
Regulates the total volume of water within the body
Regulates the concentration of ions with in the blood (sodium and potassium)
Hormonal secretion
Assist in acid-base balance
How many kidneys are in the body and what do they do?
Two
Filter is the incoming blood
Removes waste products
What are the smallest functional unit of the kidneys where the filter in a blood occurs?
Nephrons
Where does the urine/waste products go after they are drained from the kidney?
To the bladder
After the urine is collected in the bladder it is expelled from the body through the what?
What is the process called?
Urethra
Called micturition
How are male and female urethras different?
They are different lengths
These are behind the abdominal cavity and located in the upper lumbar region
Kidneys
T-12-L3 vertebrae region
Why are the kidneys slightly lower ?
They are lower due to the liver
That adrenal gland’s are positioned on what area of the kidney?
Superior portion
Where is the renal hilum located on the kidney and what organs does it consist of?
Medial side
This is where the nerves, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, ureters enter and exit
If a kidney was dissected how many regions would be present?
What are they?
Three regions
– Cortex
-medulla
– Pelvis
This is the superficial region a.k.a. outer region of the kidney
Renal cortex
This is the inner region of the kidney that has a pyramid shape
Renal medulla
This is the region of the kidney that the values and blood vessels are found
Continues as the ureter To the Bladder
Renal pelvis
These are extensions from the outer layer of the kidney? aka renal cortex they then divide the interior region into cone shaped sections
Renal columns
What are the cone shaped sections called in the kidney?
Transports urine away from the cortex
Renal pyramids
The tip of the pyramid is called what that faces the hilum?
Renal papilla
The renal papilla extends into a cup called what??
Collects urine leaving the papilla
Minor calyx
When two or three minor calyx join together it is called a what?
Major calyx
The major calyx coverage forms the what?
Renal pelvis
The renal pelvis continues to the what? Which is a tubelike structure that channels urine to the urinary bladder
Ureter
This branches off to the domino aorta brings blood to the kidney
Renal artery
As the renal artery enters the kidney it divides branching into smaller and smaller arteries. The arteries pass through the renal columns which are the pyramid like structures and extends into what?
The renal cortex a.k.a. the outer region of the kidney
Blood eventually leave the kidney through the what?
It then empties into the what?
Renal vein
Inferior Vena cava
These are structural and functional units of the kidney
Nephrons
The kidney contains over how many nephrons?
Over 1 million
What do the nephrons do?
Nephrons filter the blood and produce urine
What will damage to the nephrons do?
It will cause kidney dysfunction
Nephrons are composed of what to parts?
Renal corpuscle
Renal tubule and collecting duct
This is a group of nerve endings or capillaries in the renal Corpuscle which is surrounded by Bowmans capsule
Glomerulus
What is the purpose of glomerulus?
Allows plasma to pass from the blood vessel to the surrounding capsule
What cannot pass out of the glomerulus ?
Rbc proteins and larger structures
What does the Bowmans capsule do?
It collects the fluid that escapes from the Glomerulus
This is the portion that is continuous with the Bowmans capsule
Renal tubule portion
What are the three sections that transition into the collecting duct
Pct
Nephron loop
DCT
Collecting duct
The fluid that was filtered out of the glomerulus collected in the Bowmans capsule is directed into the renal tubule portion
This fluid contains water, ions, nutrients, Waze and chemical some of which the body wants to keep and some it wants to get rid of
What will re-absorbency nutrients molecules and water back into the bloodstream?
Where will the waste products and other molecules that are waste go?
Renal tubule
It will be excreted out of the urine
What are the three processes of your information?
Glomerular filteration
Tubular reabsorption
Tubular secretion
What substances does filtrate contain?
All of the substances found in the plasma except for proteins
What substances does urine contain?
All of the unwanted substances for secretion
This is the passive process where the Hydrostatistic pressure forces the blood plasma out of the glomerulus
This allows for proper filter ration – larger cells in molecules cannot pass through such as RBCs and proteins
Glomerular filtration
What happens of RBCs and proteins are found in the urine?
It could mean there is damage to the glomerulus /nephron
How many liters of filtrate urine is produced per day?
180 L
This will reabsorb about 99% of the filtrate produced
Tubular reabsorption
Where does tubular reabsorption occur?
It occurs within a renal tubule portion of the nephron
The PCT reabsorbs what substances?
Water, sodium ions, all nutrients, and other materials
What will the nephron loop reabsorb?
It will reabsorb water and ions
What does the DCT reabsorb?
It reabsorbs calcium ions and sodium and chloride ions
What is collecting duct (reabsorbs water and concentrates the urine ) reabsorption influenced by?
Hormonal influence and the body’s hydration levels
This is the reverse of the tubular reabsorption
It is the process of moving substances from the blood into the filtrate
It’s a woman needs drugs and substances attached to proteins
Tubular secretion
Where does tubular secretion occur?
It occurs along the renal tubule and collecting duct
These are the filter ration units of the kidney that lie in the outer kidney region
Nephron
These help allow for the production of filtrate, For substances to be reabsorbed back into the bloodstream and tubular secretion which allows for larger items to be passed into the renal tubule’s for excretion with in the urine
The three processes to urine formation
These are muscular tubes that transport the urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
Ureters
How many inches is the ureter in length?
9.8 inches
What helps propel urine from the renal pelvis towards the bladder?
Peristaltic waves
This is a muscular sac on the bottom of the pelvic floor second store urine temporarily
Where is it located?
Urinary bladder
Behind the pubic symphysis
The bladder has how many layers?
Which one is the thickest?
Three layers
The muscular layer is the thickest aka detrusor muscle
This is the wall of the bladder which consists of three layers of smooth muscle?
Detrustor muscle
This is the part of the bladder that expands when it is full which is made of mucus epithelium tissues
rugae
Bladder is considered full when it contains how much urine?
500 mL
What is the maximum capacity of a bladder?
800 mL
This is the triangular shapes know the area on the floor of the bladder that infection commonly attack the area of this part of the bladder
Trigone
This is the part of the ladder that contracts involuntary to keep urine in the bladder
Internal urethral sphincter
This is where the urethra passes through the pelvic floor, it consist of skeletal muscle and is under voluntary control of urine
External urinary sphincter
This is the small tube that brings urine away from the bladder and out of the body
Urethra
The opening of the urethra leading outside of the body is called what?
External urinary meatus
A thin wall muscular tube that drains urine from the bladder
Urethra
How many inches is the female urethra compared to the male urethra?
- 2 inches -female
7. 9 inches -male
This is the act of emptying the bladder aka-voiding
Micturition
This is when The bladder is on able to expel it’s contained urine
Urinary retention
What is the result of urinary retention?
The insertion of a catheter
