Digestive Organs Flashcards
What does the oral cavity/buccal cavity contain?
Mouth, lips and cheeks, palate , Tongue, salivary gland’s, teeth
Where is the lingual frenulum located in the mouth?
The floor of the mouth under the tongue
I muscular tube that is about 10 inches in link that connects the mouth/pharynx to the stomach
Esophagus
This helps prevent backflow of stomach acid into Esophagus
Lower Esophageal sphincter
This is a muscular sac that stores and primarily digest food
Stomach
Food is broken down into a substance called what
Chyme
The stomach is composed of what for layers?
Cardia
Fundus
Body
Pylorus
What does the crisscross pattern on the inside of the stomach do for food?
It allows the stomach to contract and grind as it processes food
This helps the stomach expand when the stomach is full
Rugae
How big is an adult empty stomach and how big is it after eating?
Empty stomach – 50 mL
Full stomach -1.5 mL
The gastric glands of the stomach produce gastric juices that are composed of what for different types of cells?
Mucous neck cells
Parietal cells
Chief cells
Enterinendocrine cells
These cells secrete mucus which protects the stomach lining and keeps stomach from digesting itself
Mucous cells
These cells secrete hydrochloric acid and absorbs vitamin B 12 it also helps kill microbes and swallowed food
Parietal cells
These cells secrete digestive enzymes such as Pepsinogen
Chief cells
These cells secrete a hormone that increases appetite and helps digestive function
Enterinendocrine cells
The gastric juices of the stomach is controlled by what?
Hormones, nerves
Stimuli in the brain, stomach and small intestine
The gastric secretion of the stomach consists of what three phases?
Cephalic phase
Gastric phase
Intestinal phase
What are the accessory organs?
Liver gallbladder and pancreas
The liver is how many pounds?
3 to 4 pounds
What is the role of the liver within the body?
Detoxification of the blood, intake of protein, creation of hormones and molecules
This produces bile
Liver
What stores bile?
Gallbladder
What is bile?
It is a yellowish green fluid that contains salt and cholesterol
What is the function of bile?
Make into lipids/fats
This delivers oxygenated Blood from the aorta to the liver
Hepatic artery
Carries oxygen blood from the digestive organs and spleen to the liver
Portal vein
This organ secretes insulin/Glucagon
Pancreas
The Pancrease creates and secretes what pancreatic juices?
Water
Digestive enzymes
Electrolytes - bicarbonate ions
This pancreatic juice assist in chemical digestion in the small intestine
Digestive enzymes
Three types of digestive enzymes?
Amylase
Lipases
Pro teases
Bicarbonate ions do what?
Help neutralize the pH of the chyme
These cells secrete digestive enzymes
The enzymes help break down lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates
Acinar cells
Epithelial cells and pancreatic ducts secrete what?
Secrete sodium bicarbonate
What does bile reach the gallbladder?
Through a series of ducts (right and left hepatic ducts)
Bile then goes down the common hepatic duct and that gen down the common bile duct then backs up into the what?
Cystic duct and then Into the gallbladder
This controls the flow of bile and pancreatic juices into the duodenum
Hepatopancreatic sphincter
WHat is the duodenum ?
What enters it?
The first 10inches of the small Intestine
Bile and pancreatic juices enter here
Allows for completion of chemical digestion and most all nutrient absorption
Small Intestine
Small Intestine consists of how many layers ?
4
About 8 ft in length
Suspended by the mesentery
Jejunum
1to 4 ft in length
Joins the large intestine
Ileum
What are three features in the small intestine to increase the mucosal surface area
Circular folds -folds of mucosa
Villi -finger like extensions
Microvilli -on the villi
Intestinal lining contains these
It slows the progress of chime and increases its contact with the mucosa
Circular folds
Pores at the basis of the villi contain goblet cells that secrete mucus that helps the passage of food
Intestinal Crypts
This is around the small intestine
It absorbs remaining water with in the indigestible materials
Stores indigestible food for a brief time
Illuminates indigestible food as feces
Large intestine
How many feet is the large intestine in length?
5ft
This passes below the liver, stomach, and spleen
Transverse colon
The large intestine begins in the blind pouch called what?
Cecum
This part of the colon extends up toward the liver
Ascending colon
This part of the colon extends down Ward along the left side of the abdominal cavity
Descending colon
As part of the colon forms an S shape down the rectum
Sigmoid colon
This is the last 7 to 8 inches of the intestine
Rectum
This makes up the last inch of the rectum it opens up through the anus
Anal cavity
