Reproductive System Test 5 Flashcards
Male and female reproductive systems are inactive until when?
Until puberty
The reproductive organs consist of what organs?
Gonads &
Secondary sex organs
What are the male gonads?
Testes
What are the female gonads?
Ovaries
What do gonads produce in the body?
Gametes and sex hormones
What are gametes?
Sex cells
(that are single chromosomes ) haploid
What do male gonads ( testes ) produce?
Sperm and Testosterone
Female gonads a.k.a. ovaries produce what?
Estrogen and progesterone
Male and female reproductive system have what two common goals?
To produce offspring
To produce sex hormones that regulate bodily functions
Three male reproductive system functions?
- Produces sperm a.k.a. gametes
- Deliver Sperm to female reproductive system
- Produce testosterone
Five functions of the female reproductive system?
- Produce eggs
- Produce estrogen
- Protect and store the fetus
- Deliver the fetus
- Provide nutrients to offspring
What is the males primary sex organ?
Testes
What is the males accessory sex organs?
Scrotum
Male duct system
Penis
What is the Males accessory glands?
They help form semen and help sperm survive in the females body
Prostate gland
Seminal vesicles
Bulbourethral glands
Each male has how many testicles located on their scrotum ?
Two
What is the scrotum covered by?
Albuginea
What divides the two testes
And helps prevent any infection from spreading from one testicle to the other
Medium septum
What suspends the testes?
Spermatic cord
How many muscles are there that help support the testes?
Two
Extending from the abdomen to each testicle is a muscle called what?
Spermatic cord
The spermatic cord contains what inside of it?
The sperm duct, blood , vessels, and nerves
To testes lay in a sack of tissue called what?
Scrotum
This muscle surrounds the spermatic cord.
In cold weather it contracts to bring the testicles closer to the body for warmth
Cremaster muscle
Each testicle is divided into how many lobules?
250
Each lobule contains about 1 to 4 coiled tubes called what?
Seminiferous
This is where the sperm cells are produced?
Within the seminiferous tubules
What cells help produce sperm they supply nutrients, and removing waste.
Sertoli cells
Where does testosterone production occur?
Outside the seminiferous tubules
What cells assist in making testosterone?
Leydig cells (interstitial cells)
These vessels provide a location in which sperm partially mature
Rete testis
This moves in mature sperm away from the testis to the epididymis ?
Efferent ductules
Sperm is stored in the tale of this, ? where they remain fertile for how many days? After that they are ejaculated and aging sperm disintegrates
Epididymis
40 to 60 days
When sperm leave the tale of the epididymis they pass into the what?
Vas deferens
The vas deferens travels up the spermatic cord, through the inguinal canal and into the what?
Bladder wall
The vas deferens ends ends by joining the seminal vehicle and out of the what?
Ejaculatory duct
These are the series of tubes that sperm follow to be expelled out of the body ?
Epidiymis
Vas deferens
Ejaculatory duct
Urethra
This carries the sperm into the pelvic cavity and connects to the ejaculatory duct
Vas deferens
Ejaculatory duct passes through the prostate gland and conects to the what?
Urethra
During an orgasm, the sperm will do what?
Ejaculate from the penis through the urethra
This is part of the males Accessory gland that is yellowish fluid that contains fructose
60% of semen volume
Seminal vesicles
This is the accessory gland that is milky White secretion that contains nutrients for the sperm and helps sperm motility
30% of the semen volume
Prostate gland
This is the accessory gland that produces clear fluid for lubrication
Neutralizes the acidity of urine in the urethra that could harm the sperm
Bulbourethral glands
The enlarged tip off the shaft of the penis is called what?
Glans penis
What forms around the glands of the penis?
Foreskin or prepuce
What is circumcision?
When the foreskin is surgically removed
This is a spongy network of connective tissue and smooth muscle that is spongy with open spaces. It runs through the entire length of shaft of the penis
Erectile tissue’s
What happens to erectile tissue’s during sexual arousal?
They fill up with blood which creates an erection
Two larger cylinders of tissue are called what?
Corpus cavernous
Smaller cylinder of tissue is called what ? which encircles the urethra
Corpus spongiosum
Step 1: What do sperm cells begin as?
Spermatogonia
Step 2: Spermatogonia divide by mitosis and produce what ?
Two daughter cells
Step3:The daughter cells then differentiate into slightly larger cells called what?
Primary spermatocytes
Step4: through Meosis The primary spermocytes create what? With how many chromosomes?
Secondary spermatocytes with 23 (half) chromosomes
Step 5: each secondary spermatocytocytes divides again to form what?
Spermatids
Spermatids differentiate to form heads and tails and eventually transform into mature what? How many chromosomes?
Spermatozoa
23
Which part of the sperm contains the nucleus?
The head
What covers the head of the sperm which contains enzymes that help the sperm penetrate the egg during fertilization
Acrosome
Which part of the sperm contains the mitochondria that supply the sperm with the energy it needs to reach the female reproductive tract
The middle piece
Part of sperm: This is a flagellum which has beating, whip like movements, that propel the sperm forward
The tail
This is the propulsion of semen from the males reproductive system
Ejaculation
What percent of sperm is actually ejaculated during an orgasm?
10%
The female reproductive system consists of what four internal genitalia?
Ovaries
Ovarian tubes
Uterus
Vagina
The female reproductive system consists of what three external genitalia?
Clitoris
Labia majora
Labia minora
This is the primary sex organ of the female reproductive system
It is responsible for the reproduction of eggs, sex hormones, estrogen
Ovaries
Where are both ovaries located
In the lower abdominal cavity slightly to the side and below the navel
The ovaries contain sac like structures call what?
Ovarian follicles
Each ovarian follicle contains an immature egg that is surrounded by what cells?
Granulosa cells
Immature egg is called a what?
Oocyte
Connects the ovary to the uterus
Ovulated eggs are drawn up into this , fertilization of the ovum will occur
Uterine tubes
Consists of the isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum with the fimbriae
Uterine tubes
This is the portion of the Fallopian tube closest to the uterus
Isthmus
Middle portion of Fallopian tube .
Egg fertilization site
Ampulla
Funnel shaped end of Fallopian tube
Does not attach directly to the ovary
Infundibulum
Finger like extensions that fan over the ovary
Fimbriae
The curved upper portion of the uterus
Fundus
The body is what region of the uterus?
Central region
The lower end is caked what?
Cervix
A passageway through the cervix
Cervical canal
A muscular tube about 3 inches long
Serves as a receptacle for the penis and sperm, route for discharge of blood , and passageway for birth of baby
Vagina
Lower end of the vagina that contains ridges
Helps stimulate the penis during intercourse and expansion during childbirth
Vagina rugae
A fold in the vagina that covers the enterance to the vagina
It ruptures after first intercourse
Hymen
This is located in the pelvis and is higher than the rectum and behind and above the bladder
Hollow and contains 3 layers (thickest smooth muscle)
Uterus
The uterus is divided into what 3 regions ?
Fundus
Body
Cervix
What is the functions of the uterus?
Allow implantation, retain and nourish a fertilized egg
Changes occur to the what? Inner layer during the menstrual cycle
Uterine
The wall of the uterus is composed of what three layers?
Perimetrium
Myomentrium
Endometrium
Thin walled tube that is about 4 inches long
Commonly called birth canal
Vagina
Extends from the cervix to the exterior of the body
Vagina
What is the function of the vagina
To receive the penis and sperm during sexual intercourse and to allow for discharge
Reproductive structures that lie externally in the vagina
Mons pubis
Labia
Clitoris
Vestibule structures
Events associated with the uterine lining once a month unless fertilization and implantation occurs
Menstrual cycle
What gland control the ovarian and menstrual cycles?
Hypothalamus gland
Anterior Pituitary gland
What hormone does the hypothalamus secrete?
Gonadotrophic
What hormone does the anterior pituitary gland release?
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) Luteinizing hormone (LH)
LH &
FSH both bind to ovaries and affects normal function of the uterus
True or false?
True
What events occur in the ovaries during the ovarian cycle?
Follicle development, Ovulation, and corpus luteum development
Ovarian cycle consists of what to phases?
Follicular phase
Luteal phase
How long does the follicular phase last?
What happens ?
Last from day 1-14
Dominant follicle matures in secretes large amounts of estrogen
During the follicular phase -ovulation occurs on what day?
Day 14
What days does the luteal phase last from?
What happens?
Day 14-28
Activity of the corpus luteum
What is the inner lining of the uterine cycle called?
Endomentrium
What happens to the inner lining of the uterine if possibilities of fertilization of the egg and implantation would occur?
Becomes lush and thick
What happens to the inner lining of the uterine if fertilization does not occur?
It is slouched off and release from the body
The changes that occurred during the uterine cycle are coordinated with the changes that are occurring in the what?
Ovarian cycle
What are the four phases of the uterine cycle?
Menstrual phase
Proliferative phase
Secretory phase
Premenstrual phase
