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Function And Structure > Reproductive System Test 5 > Flashcards

Reproductive System Test 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Male and female reproductive systems are inactive until when?

A

Until puberty

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2
Q

The reproductive organs consist of what organs?

A

Gonads &

Secondary sex organs

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3
Q

What are the male gonads?

A

Testes

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4
Q

What are the female gonads?

A

Ovaries

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5
Q

What do gonads produce in the body?

A

Gametes and sex hormones

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6
Q

What are gametes?

A

Sex cells

(that are single chromosomes ) haploid

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7
Q

What do male gonads ( testes ) produce?

A

Sperm and Testosterone

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8
Q

Female gonads a.k.a. ovaries produce what?

A

Estrogen and progesterone

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9
Q

Male and female reproductive system have what two common goals?

A

To produce offspring

To produce sex hormones that regulate bodily functions

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10
Q

Three male reproductive system functions?

A
  1. Produces sperm a.k.a. gametes
  2. Deliver Sperm to female reproductive system
  3. Produce testosterone
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11
Q

Five functions of the female reproductive system?

A
  1. Produce eggs
  2. Produce estrogen
  3. Protect and store the fetus
  4. Deliver the fetus
  5. Provide nutrients to offspring
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12
Q

What is the males primary sex organ?

A

Testes

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13
Q

What is the males accessory sex organs?

A

Scrotum
Male duct system
Penis

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14
Q

What is the Males accessory glands?

They help form semen and help sperm survive in the females body

A

Prostate gland
Seminal vesicles
Bulbourethral glands

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15
Q

Each male has how many testicles located on their scrotum ?

A

Two

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16
Q

What is the scrotum covered by?

A

Albuginea

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17
Q

What divides the two testes

And helps prevent any infection from spreading from one testicle to the other

A

Medium septum

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18
Q

What suspends the testes?

A

Spermatic cord

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19
Q

How many muscles are there that help support the testes?

A

Two

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20
Q

Extending from the abdomen to each testicle is a muscle called what?

A

Spermatic cord

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21
Q

The spermatic cord contains what inside of it?

A

The sperm duct, blood , vessels, and nerves

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22
Q

To testes lay in a sack of tissue called what?

A

Scrotum

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23
Q

This muscle surrounds the spermatic cord.

In cold weather it contracts to bring the testicles closer to the body for warmth

A

Cremaster muscle

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24
Q

Each testicle is divided into how many lobules?

A

250

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25
Q

Each lobule contains about 1 to 4 coiled tubes called what?

A

Seminiferous

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26
Q

This is where the sperm cells are produced?

A

Within the seminiferous tubules

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27
Q

What cells help produce sperm they supply nutrients, and removing waste.

A

Sertoli cells

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28
Q

Where does testosterone production occur?

A

Outside the seminiferous tubules

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29
Q

What cells assist in making testosterone?

A

Leydig cells (interstitial cells)

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30
Q

These vessels provide a location in which sperm partially mature

A

Rete testis

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31
Q

This moves in mature sperm away from the testis to the epididymis ?

A

Efferent ductules

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32
Q

Sperm is stored in the tale of this, ? where they remain fertile for how many days? After that they are ejaculated and aging sperm disintegrates

A

Epididymis

40 to 60 days

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33
Q

When sperm leave the tale of the epididymis they pass into the what?

A

Vas deferens

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34
Q

The vas deferens travels up the spermatic cord, through the inguinal canal and into the what?

A

Bladder wall

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35
Q

The vas deferens ends ends by joining the seminal vehicle and out of the what?

A

Ejaculatory duct

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36
Q

These are the series of tubes that sperm follow to be expelled out of the body ?

A

Epidiymis
Vas deferens
Ejaculatory duct
Urethra

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37
Q

This carries the sperm into the pelvic cavity and connects to the ejaculatory duct

A

Vas deferens

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38
Q

Ejaculatory duct passes through the prostate gland and conects to the what?

A

Urethra

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39
Q

During an orgasm, the sperm will do what?

A

Ejaculate from the penis through the urethra

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40
Q

This is part of the males Accessory gland that is yellowish fluid that contains fructose

60% of semen volume

A

Seminal vesicles

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41
Q

This is the accessory gland that is milky White secretion that contains nutrients for the sperm and helps sperm motility

30% of the semen volume

A

Prostate gland

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42
Q

This is the accessory gland that produces clear fluid for lubrication

Neutralizes the acidity of urine in the urethra that could harm the sperm

A

Bulbourethral glands

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43
Q

The enlarged tip off the shaft of the penis is called what?

A

Glans penis

44
Q

What forms around the glands of the penis?

A

Foreskin or prepuce

45
Q

What is circumcision?

A

When the foreskin is surgically removed

46
Q

This is a spongy network of connective tissue and smooth muscle that is spongy with open spaces. It runs through the entire length of shaft of the penis

A

Erectile tissue’s

47
Q

What happens to erectile tissue’s during sexual arousal?

A

They fill up with blood which creates an erection

48
Q

Two larger cylinders of tissue are called what?

A

Corpus cavernous

49
Q

Smaller cylinder of tissue is called what ? which encircles the urethra

A

Corpus spongiosum

50
Q

Step 1: What do sperm cells begin as?

A

Spermatogonia

51
Q

Step 2: Spermatogonia divide by mitosis and produce what ?

A

Two daughter cells

52
Q

Step3:The daughter cells then differentiate into slightly larger cells called what?

A

Primary spermatocytes

53
Q

Step4: through Meosis The primary spermocytes create what? With how many chromosomes?

A

Secondary spermatocytes with 23 (half) chromosomes

54
Q

Step 5: each secondary spermatocytocytes divides again to form what?

A

Spermatids

55
Q

Spermatids differentiate to form heads and tails and eventually transform into mature what? How many chromosomes?

A

Spermatozoa

23

56
Q

Which part of the sperm contains the nucleus?

A

The head

57
Q

What covers the head of the sperm which contains enzymes that help the sperm penetrate the egg during fertilization

A

Acrosome

58
Q

Which part of the sperm contains the mitochondria that supply the sperm with the energy it needs to reach the female reproductive tract

A

The middle piece

59
Q

Part of sperm: This is a flagellum which has beating, whip like movements, that propel the sperm forward

A

The tail

60
Q

This is the propulsion of semen from the males reproductive system

A

Ejaculation

61
Q

What percent of sperm is actually ejaculated during an orgasm?

A

10%

62
Q

The female reproductive system consists of what four internal genitalia?

A

Ovaries
Ovarian tubes
Uterus
Vagina

63
Q

The female reproductive system consists of what three external genitalia?

A

Clitoris
Labia majora
Labia minora

64
Q

This is the primary sex organ of the female reproductive system

It is responsible for the reproduction of eggs, sex hormones, estrogen

A

Ovaries

65
Q

Where are both ovaries located

A

In the lower abdominal cavity slightly to the side and below the navel

66
Q

The ovaries contain sac like structures call what?

A

Ovarian follicles

67
Q

Each ovarian follicle contains an immature egg that is surrounded by what cells?

A

Granulosa cells

68
Q

Immature egg is called a what?

A

Oocyte

69
Q

Connects the ovary to the uterus

Ovulated eggs are drawn up into this , fertilization of the ovum will occur

A

Uterine tubes

70
Q

Consists of the isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum with the fimbriae

A

Uterine tubes

71
Q

This is the portion of the Fallopian tube closest to the uterus

A

Isthmus

72
Q

Middle portion of Fallopian tube .

Egg fertilization site

A

Ampulla

73
Q

Funnel shaped end of Fallopian tube

Does not attach directly to the ovary

A

Infundibulum

74
Q

Finger like extensions that fan over the ovary

A

Fimbriae

75
Q

The curved upper portion of the uterus

A

Fundus

76
Q

The body is what region of the uterus?

A

Central region

77
Q

The lower end is caked what?

A

Cervix

78
Q

A passageway through the cervix

A

Cervical canal

79
Q

A muscular tube about 3 inches long

Serves as a receptacle for the penis and sperm, route for discharge of blood , and passageway for birth of baby

A

Vagina

80
Q

Lower end of the vagina that contains ridges

Helps stimulate the penis during intercourse and expansion during childbirth

A

Vagina rugae

81
Q

A fold in the vagina that covers the enterance to the vagina

It ruptures after first intercourse

A

Hymen

82
Q

This is located in the pelvis and is higher than the rectum and behind and above the bladder

Hollow and contains 3 layers (thickest smooth muscle)

A

Uterus

83
Q

The uterus is divided into what 3 regions ?

A

Fundus
Body
Cervix

84
Q

What is the functions of the uterus?

A

Allow implantation, retain and nourish a fertilized egg

85
Q

Changes occur to the what? Inner layer during the menstrual cycle

A

Uterine

86
Q

The wall of the uterus is composed of what three layers?

A

Perimetrium
Myomentrium
Endometrium

87
Q

Thin walled tube that is about 4 inches long

Commonly called birth canal

A

Vagina

88
Q

Extends from the cervix to the exterior of the body

A

Vagina

89
Q

What is the function of the vagina

A

To receive the penis and sperm during sexual intercourse and to allow for discharge

90
Q

Reproductive structures that lie externally in the vagina

A

Mons pubis
Labia
Clitoris
Vestibule structures

91
Q

Events associated with the uterine lining once a month unless fertilization and implantation occurs

A

Menstrual cycle

92
Q

What gland control the ovarian and menstrual cycles?

A

Hypothalamus gland

Anterior Pituitary gland

93
Q

What hormone does the hypothalamus secrete?

A

Gonadotrophic

94
Q

What hormone does the anterior pituitary gland release?

A 
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
95
Q

LH &
FSH both bind to ovaries and affects normal function of the uterus

True or false?

A

True

96
Q

What events occur in the ovaries during the ovarian cycle?

A

Follicle development, Ovulation, and corpus luteum development

97
Q

Ovarian cycle consists of what to phases?

A

Follicular phase

Luteal phase

98
Q

How long does the follicular phase last?

What happens ?

A

Last from day 1-14

Dominant follicle matures in secretes large amounts of estrogen

99
Q

During the follicular phase -ovulation occurs on what day?

A

Day 14

100
Q

What days does the luteal phase last from?

What happens?

A

Day 14-28

Activity of the corpus luteum

101
Q

What is the inner lining of the uterine cycle called?

A

Endomentrium

102
Q

What happens to the inner lining of the uterine if possibilities of fertilization of the egg and implantation would occur?

A

Becomes lush and thick

103
Q

What happens to the inner lining of the uterine if fertilization does not occur?

A

It is slouched off and release from the body

104
Q

The changes that occurred during the uterine cycle are coordinated with the changes that are occurring in the what?

A

Ovarian cycle

105
Q

What are the four phases of the uterine cycle?

A

Menstrual phase
Proliferative phase
Secretory phase
Premenstrual phase

Function And Structure (7 decks)

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