Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Function And Structure > Lymphatic And Immune System > Flashcards

Lymphatic And Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

Lymphatic system is composed of what?

A

Lymph organs and tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the immune system composed of?

A

A collection of cells, barriers, proteins that live within the lymph organs and tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the functions of the lymphatic system?

A

Fluid recovery
Immunity
Lipid absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the lymphatic structures?

A

Lymph
Lymph vessels
Lymph nodes
Lymphatic tissues/organs/the spleen and tonsils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

True or false?

The immune system is not a true organ system.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

You Immune system used to be divided into first second and third lines of what?

A

Defenses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The immune system is also referred to as what defense mechanism?

A

Nonspecific and specific defense mechanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The immune system is now commonly referred to as what two defenses?

A

Innate defenses and adaptive defenses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Functions of the lymphatic system include what?

A

Fluid recovery
Immunity
Lipid absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the lymphatic organs and tissues in the body?

A 
Red bone marrow 
Thymus 
Tonsils 
Spleen 
Lymph nodes 
Lymphatic vessels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is lymph fluid?

A

It is the fluid found within lymph vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Capillaries lose a lot of overall what? due to the pressure within them?

A

Plasma volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What reabsorbs the remaining fluid ,but not all?

A

Lymph vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How many lymph nodes are there?

A

Hundreds of them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Lymph nodes are found where?

A

Along the lymphatic vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where are lymphatic nodes found in the body?

A

Neck, Axilla , chest,abdomen, groin, and popliteal regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Lymph nodes we’ve what 2 functions?

A

Filteration

Active immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The immune system is composed of barriers, cells, and various proteins that help to provide immunity against what?

A

Against pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Needs to function and response with the appropriate strength and quickness to pathogens

A

Immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The immune system is categorized into what two different defenses?

A

Nonspecific and specific immunity a.k.a. Innate and adaptive defenses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

This categorys responses not dependent upon antigen exposure

Not antigen specific

Exposure to pathogen/antigen doesn’t create immune immunologic memory

Immediate response

A

Non-specific (innate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Response is dependent upon antigen exposure

antigen specific

Exposure to antigen creates immuno logical memory

The period of time between antigen exposure and response time

A

Specific a.k.a. adaptive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The nonspecific or Innate immunity is divided into what two divisions?

A

Surface barriers

Internal defenses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the surface barriers?

A

Skin and mucous membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the internal defenses?

A 
Phagocytes
Antimicrobial proteins
Metro killer cells
Inflammation
Fever
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the phagocytes?

A

Neutrophils and macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the Anti-microbial proteins?

A

Interferons

Complement system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the natural killer cells?

A

Specialized WBCs : lymphocytes

29
Q

Is inflammation classified as non-specific or specific immunity?

A

Non-specific

30
Q

What is inflammation triggered by?

A

Infections and body trauma

Bacteria, fungi, viruses, chemicals, physical trauma

31
Q

What are the four cardinal signs of inflammation?

A

Redness
Swelling
Heat
Pain

32
Q

What are the benefits of inflammation? (The good of it )

A

It prevents the spread of pathogens to surround tissues

It alarms the adaptive immune system

It cleans up cellular debris and pathogen’s

It initiates the repair process

33
Q

What is the first step of inflammation response and stages?

A

Tissue injury - histamine is released

34
Q

Second stage of inflammation response

A

Vasodilation-causes redness heat and pain

35
Q

Third response to inflammation?

A

Increased vascular permeability

Chemotaxis and swelling

36
Q

Fourth response to inflammation?

A

Recruitment of phagocytes

This is when cleanup and repair is initiated

37
Q

Injured cells secrete chemicals that dilate blood vessels in the area called what?

A

Histamine

38
Q

Blood rushes in (this is called what?) bringing necessary Leukocytes. Increase blood flow also helps flush out toxins and waste

A

Hyperemia

39
Q

The same chemical that trigger vasodilation also causes the cells in the capillary walls to separate slightly.

Fluid and anti-bodies leak through the spaces and into the injured tissues

Fibrinogen that leaks into the areas forms of sticky clot that walls off the infected area helping to keep the infection from spreading

A

Neutrophils which have been drawn to the area by chemicals released from damage cells (chemotaxis) start to phagocytize the pathogen’s.

They also secrete chemicals(cytokines) to someone other neutrophils and macro phages to the area

Macrophages not only destroy bacteria but also help clean up the area by engulfing damage cells and Dead neutrophils.

40
Q

This is this is systemic response to a pathogen unlike inflammation which is localized

It is an abnormal high temperature of the body due to a systematic response to a pathogen infection

A

Fever

41
Q

The increase of body temperature decreases the ability of what to grow in the body and reproduce?

A

Bacteria

42
Q

A fever increases metabolism great which also speeds up the what process?

A

Repair

43
Q

Valves of a lymph present what ensuring that limp moves steadily away from the tissue and toward the heart?

A

Backflow

44
Q

This anchors that capillaries to surround cells which prevents the vessels from collapsing

A

Protein filaments

45
Q

Fluid enters where?

A

Between the overlapping epithelial cells.

46
Q

this is a complex immunity that is adaptable to defenses

It creates a memory of the specific type of pathogen for future exposure

And example is the chickenpox virus

A

Specific/adaptable immunity

47
Q

What are three aspects to the specific immunity and what do they do?

A

Specific– Targets specific cells or pathogens
Systematic – not limited to initial infection site
Specific memory – creates a memory cell of the pathogen for future exposures

48
Q

What are two types of specific immunity?

A 
Cellular immunity (cell mediated)
Humoral immunity (antibody mediated)
49
Q

Cellular immunity and Humoral immunity both create what cells against a specific pathogen?

A

Memory immune

50
Q

Cellular and Humoral immunity both react to antigens found where? And create immune cells to attack specific antigens.

A

On the surface of cells

51
Q

What is the recognize react and remember of the cellular immunity?

A
  1. Cellular immunity recognizes a foreign antigen
  2. Reacts by creating cells called cytotoxic T cells (destroys foreign antigens)
  3. Remembers by creating a memory cell that will specifically seek out and destroy cells with that antigen on its surface
52
Q

When does the immune process begin?

A

When a phagocyte ingests antigen

53
Q

The phagocyte displays fragments of the antigen on its surface which alerts the immune system to the presence of a foreign antigen. When a T cell spots before an antigen what does it do?

A

It binds to it and then will remember this specific foreign antigen by creating memory cells for that specific antigen.

54
Q

How many types of specific immunity are there?

A

2

55
Q

Cellular immunity creates what cells that seek out and destroy other cells have a specific antigen in its surface

A

Cytotoxic T cells

56
Q

Humoral immunity creates anti-bodies at seek out and bind to specific antigen which means ?

A

Tags it for destruction

57
Q

Specific immunity can be gained through a number of different methods such as what?

A

Active and passive

Natural and artificial

58
Q

This type of immunity occurs when the body produces antibodies are T cells after being exposed to a particular antigen.

If you become ill with the measles your body will produce antibodies for this virus making you immune to the infection in the future

A

Natural active immunity

59
Q

This immunity results when the body makes T cells and antibodies against a disease as a result of a vaccination such as a tetanus are influenza

A

Artificial active immunity

60
Q

This form of immunity results when a fetus acquires antibodies from the mother through the placenta or when a baby acquires them through breast-feeding

A

Natural passive immunity

61
Q

This form of immunity involves obtaining serum from a person or animal that has produce anti-bodies against a certain pathogen and then injecting it into someone else. This is typically use in emergencies for treatment of rabies.

A

Artificial passive immunity

62
Q

Three different classifications of immune dysfunction are what?

A

Auto immune

Immunodeficiency

Hypersensitivities

63
Q

This is when the immune system cannot distinguish between self antigens and foreign antigens

They tag and destroy

A

Auto immune

64
Q

What are some examples of autoimmununity

A

Rheumatoid arthritis, type one diabetes, multiple sclerosis

65
Q

This can be a form of genetic condition or acquired from some disease, pathogen or drug

It impairs the function and/or production of the immune cells

Very susceptible to disease and infections

A

Immuno deficiency

66
Q

What are some examples of immunodeficiency

A

HIV and AIDS, leukemia, chemotherapy

67
Q

This is when the immune system is hyperactive and its overall response to an antigen that is normally harmless to the body

Common allergies to animals pollen mold and dust

It is the release of histamine from immune cells and related cells

A

Hypersensitivity

68
Q

The treatment for hyper sensitivity is what?

A

Anti-histamine

69
Q

What is a life-threatening hypersensitivity?

Causes massive release of histamine
Such as bees stings, severe food allergies

What reverses this effect?

A

Anaphylactic shock

Epinephrine

Function And Structure (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions