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Organ Histology > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the capsule of the kidney made up of?

A

dense irregular CT

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2
Q

What is the renal papilla?

A

tip of each renal pyramid

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3
Q

What do the medullary rays primarily contain?

A

portins of the loop of henle and collecting tubules

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4
Q

What do the renal columns separate?

A

renal pyramids

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5
Q

What epithelium type makes up the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule?

A

simple squamous epi

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6
Q

What are podocytes?

A

modified epithelial cells containing pedicels

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7
Q

What are pedicels?

A

secondary podocyte cell processes covering the glomerular capillaries creating filtration slits

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8
Q

What is the urinary (capsular) space?

A

space between parietal & visceral layers of Bowman’s capsule

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9
Q

What is known as a tuft of capillaries inside the visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule?

A

glomerulus

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10
Q

Where are mesangial cells found?

A

within renal corpuscles

>also found in areas lacking podocytes

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11
Q

What type of epithelium is found in proximal convoluted tubules?

A

simple cuboidal with long microvilli

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12
Q

Where are the proximal convoluted tubules found?

A

cortex

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13
Q

What epithelium is found in the thin limbs of the loop of henle and where are they found?

A

simple squamous

medulla

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14
Q

What epithelium is found in the thick limbs of the loop of henle and where are they found?

A

simple cuboidal

medulla & medullary rays

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15
Q

What epithelium is found in the distal convoluted tubule and where are they found?

A 
simple cuboidal (shorter cells with shorter microvilli)
cortex
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16
Q

Where is the macula densa found?

A

in the distal convoluted tubules at the vascular pole containing closely packed columnar cells

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17
Q

What is the epithelium type of the connecting tubules?

A

simple squamous to simple cuboidal

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18
Q

T/F: collecting ducts are a part of a nephron?

A

false

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19
Q

What type of epithelium is seen in collecting ducts?

A

simple cuboidal to simple columnar

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20
Q

What are the two types of cells in collecting ducts?

A
  1. principle cells (light)

2. intercalated cells (dark)

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21
Q

What is the most common cell type in collecting ducts and where are they located?

A

principle cells

medullary rays & medulla

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22
Q

Where are intercalated cells located?

A

medullary rays

23
Q

What are the 3 sublayers of the mucosa?

A
  1. epithelium
  2. lamina propria
  3. muscularis mucosae
24
Q

What is the normal pattern of the muscularis externa?

A

inner circular and outer longitudinal

25
Q

What is the function of the adventitia?

A

binding function

26
Q

What is the function of the serosa?

A

lubrication function

27
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the mucosa of the luminal wall of the ureters?

A

urothelium

28
Q

Where are plaque and umbrella cells most developed?

A

urinary bladder

29
Q

What is the function of plaque?

A

protection (cells and tissues beneath) & block water passage

30
Q

What cells are large superficial cells that can be bi-necleate and are found in the mucosa of the ureters?

A

umbrella cells

31
Q

How is the muscularis externa arranged in the ureters?

A

reverse pattern - inner longitudinal layer and outer circular layer

32
Q

What are the 3 muscle layers at the distal end ot the ureters?

A

inner longitudinal
middle circular
outer longitudinal

33
Q

What is created where the ureter enters the bladder?

A

a valve

as bladder fills, ureters closed off

34
Q

Why is the function of the valve between the ureter and bladder important?

A

stop the spread of infection to kidneys

35
Q

What is the function of the epithelium in the bladder?

A

transitional epithelium stretches and protects from hypertonic and toxic urine

36
Q

What muscle is found in the bladder that is also known as the muscularis externa?

A

detrusor

37
Q

What is the arrangement of the muscularis externa in the bladder?

A

inner longitudinal
middle circular
outer longitudinal

38
Q

What type of muscle is the internal urethral sphincter made up of?

A

circle of smooth muscle

39
Q

What is the internal urethral sphincter also a part of?

A

detrusor muscle

40
Q

T/F: the internal urethral sphincter is a voluntary muscle?

A

false - involuntary

41
Q

What does the SNS innervate in the bladder?

A

blood vessels

42
Q

What does the parasympathetic nervous system innervate?

A

muscularis externa & adventitia

43
Q

What does parasympathetic stimulation result in (in the bladder)?

A

micturation reflex

44
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the male prostatic urethra?

A

urothelium

45
Q

What type of muscle is seen in the male external urethral sphincter?

A

striated muscle

46
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the male membranous urethra?

A

stratified columnar & pseudostratified columnar epithelium

47
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the male spongy urethra?

A

stratified columnar & pseudostratified columnar

48
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the distal portion of the male spongy urethra?

A

stratified squamous

49
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the female urethra?

A

transitional & stratified columnar

50
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the middle portion of the female urethra?

A

pseudostratified columnar

51
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the distal portion of the female urethra?

A

stratified squamous

52
Q

Where is the external urethral sphincter found in females?

A

around the middle portion

53
Q

What is the function of the paraurethral glands in females?

A

secrete alkaline fluid to paraurethral ducts into the sides of external urethral orifice

Organ Histology (6 decks)

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