Review Questions Flashcards
Specifically where are most purkinje fibers found within the heart?
sub-endocardium of endocardium
Ions and sarcoplasm will quickly move through which portion of intercalated discs?
longitudinal portion
Which type of cell junction enables this quick movement?
large gap junctions
Name the internal single cell layer lining the heart’s chambers?
endothelium
Myofibrils are pushed peripherally within purkinje fibers due to the storage of what substance?
glycogen
Special hormone secreting myoendocrine cells are found in which heart layer?
myocardium
Which major luminal wall layer is thickest/most dominant within arterioles?
tunica media
What is the tunic primarily made of?
smooth muscle
Why is the endothelium of the tunica intima prone to develop problems in elastic arteries?
fast moving luminal blood
What to metarterioles lack?
tunica media
What luminal layers are thicker in arteriovenous anastomosis?
tunica media and tunica adventitia
What are the vessels that metarterioles are associted with?
thoroughfare channels
What are found within all capillary beds?
metarterioles
T/F: Arteriovenous anastomosis redirect much blood away from capillary beds?
True
Which enables the functioning of erectile tissues?
arteriovenous anastomosis
Which cell type, with reparative potential, is found exterior to capillaries and venules?
pericyctes
Which cell type is found regularly with capillaries and venules only?
pericytes
Name the structure that will supply the cells in the tunica adventitia with the materials needed to survive?
vasa vasorum
Do lymphatic capillaries have pericytes?
no
Do lymphatic capillary endothelial cells join together using tight junction?
no
Do lymphatic capillary endothelial cells have attached anchoring filaments?
yes
Do medium and large lymphatic vessels have 3 major luminal wall layers?
yes
Renal corpuscles are found within which major kidney region?
cortex
Which cell type makes up the parietal layer at Bowman’s capsule?
simple squamous
Which cell type makes up the visceral layer of the Bowman’s capsule?
podocytes
What do you call the specialized cellular processes of podocytes that create the thin filtration slits over the glomerular capillaries?
pedicles
The macula densa is a special area of which part of a nephron?
distal convoluted tubule
Connecting tubules lead to which structures that are not part of a nephron?
collecting ducts
Which is made of taller cells and have well developed microvilli: PCT or DCT?
proximal convoluted tubules
Which part of the pharynx LACKS tonsils?
laryngopharynx
What type of surface epithelium lines the laryngopharynx?
stratified squamous
What type of surface epithelium lines the nasopharynx?
respiratory
What type of surface epithelium lines the oropharynx?
stratified squamous
Name 2 unique structural features concerning the muscularis externa of the pharynx.
- all skeletal muscle
- reversed pattern
Pharyngeal tonsils are located in which specific luminal wall layer?
lamina propria of mucosa
Which tonsils are found in the oropharynx?
palatine and lingual
Which tonsils are found in the nasopharynx?
pharyngeal
Name the epithelium type found covering the vocal folds.
stratified squamous
Which type of epithelium covers the vestibular folds?
respiratory
What type of epithelium covers the upper surface of the epiglottis?
stratified squamous
The epiglottis is made of what kind of cartilage?
elastic
Where can seromucous glands be found within the wall of the trachea?
lamina propria of mucosa
Name the surface epithelium lining the trachea?
respiratory
Describe the muscularis mucosa of the trachea.
absent
In the trachea, what does the muscularis externa consist of?
trachealis muscle
Name the four parts of the blood-gas barrier beginning with the alveoli.
- pulmonary surfactant
- alveolar type I cell
- fused basal lamina (b/w alveolar type I cell & endothelial cell of capillary)
- endothelial cells
Which cell type is not fully functional in adequate numbers in pre-mature infants born with RDS?
alveolar type II
What cells produce alpha-1 AT?
hepatocytes
What fibers do alpha-1 AT protect in the lungs?
elastic
Which cell type is unique to bronchioles?
clara cells
What two structural/functional components are lacking in bronchioles but found in tertiary/segmental bronchi?
cartilage
seromucous glands
What tissue type will form a complete layer in bronchioles but not in tertiary/segmental bronchi?
smooth muscle
Which cell type acts as as the stem cell for bronchiolar epthelial cells?
clara cells
Which alveolar septal cell will act as a stem cell?
alveolar type II
Which alveolar septal cell will clean septal walls?
alveolar macrophages
Which alveolar septal cell will exchange gases?
alveolar type I
Which alveolar septal cell will develop from monocytes?
alveolar macrophages
Which alveolar septal cell will produce pulmonary surfactant?
alveolar type II
