Review Questions

Question 1

Specifically where are most purkinje fibers found within the heart?

Answer 1

sub-endocardium of endocardium

Question 2

Ions and sarcoplasm will quickly move through which portion of intercalated discs?

Answer 2

longitudinal portion

Question 3

Which type of cell junction enables this quick movement?

Answer 3

large gap junctions

Question 4

Name the internal single cell layer lining the heart’s chambers?

Answer 4

endothelium

Question 5

Myofibrils are pushed peripherally within purkinje fibers due to the storage of what substance?

Answer 5

glycogen

Question 6

Special hormone secreting myoendocrine cells are found in which heart layer?

Answer 6

myocardium

Question 7

Which major luminal wall layer is thickest/most dominant within arterioles?

Answer 7

tunica media

Question 8

What is the tunic primarily made of?

Answer 8

smooth muscle

Question 9

Why is the endothelium of the tunica intima prone to develop problems in elastic arteries?

Answer 9

fast moving luminal blood

Question 10

What to metarterioles lack?

Answer 10

tunica media

Question 11

What luminal layers are thicker in arteriovenous anastomosis?

Answer 11

tunica media and tunica adventitia

Question 12

What are the vessels that metarterioles are associted with?

Answer 12

thoroughfare channels

Question 13

What are found within all capillary beds?

Answer 13

metarterioles

Question 14

T/F: Arteriovenous anastomosis redirect much blood away from capillary beds?

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Which enables the functioning of erectile tissues?

Answer 15

arteriovenous anastomosis

Question 16

Which cell type, with reparative potential, is found exterior to capillaries and venules?

Answer 16

pericyctes

Question 17

Which cell type is found regularly with capillaries and venules only?

Answer 17

pericytes

Question 18

Name the structure that will supply the cells in the tunica adventitia with the materials needed to survive?

Answer 18

vasa vasorum

Question 19

Do lymphatic capillaries have pericytes?

Answer 19

no

Question 20

Do lymphatic capillary endothelial cells join together using tight junction?

Answer 20

no

Question 21

Do lymphatic capillary endothelial cells have attached anchoring filaments?

Answer 21

yes

Question 22

Do medium and large lymphatic vessels have 3 major luminal wall layers?

Answer 22

yes

Question 23

Renal corpuscles are found within which major kidney region?

Answer 23

cortex

Question 24

Which cell type makes up the parietal layer at Bowman’s capsule?

Answer 24

simple squamous

Question 25

Which cell type makes up the visceral layer of the Bowman's capsule?

Answer 25

podocytes

Question 26

What do you call the specialized cellular processes of podocytes that create the thin filtration slits over the glomerular capillaries?

Answer 26

pedicles

Question 27

The macula densa is a special area of which part of a nephron?

Answer 27

distal convoluted tubule

Question 28

Connecting tubules lead to which structures that are not part of a nephron?

Answer 28

collecting ducts

Question 29

Which is made of taller cells and have well developed microvilli: PCT or DCT?

Answer 29

proximal convoluted tubules

Question 30

Which part of the pharynx LACKS tonsils?

Answer 30

laryngopharynx

Question 31

What type of surface epithelium lines the laryngopharynx?

Answer 31

stratified squamous

Question 32

What type of surface epithelium lines the nasopharynx?

Answer 32

respiratory

Question 33

What type of surface epithelium lines the oropharynx?

Answer 33

stratified squamous

Question 34

Name 2 unique structural features concerning the muscularis externa of the pharynx.

Answer 34

- all skeletal muscle | - reversed pattern

Question 35

Pharyngeal tonsils are located in which specific luminal wall layer?

Answer 35

lamina propria of mucosa

Question 36

Which tonsils are found in the oropharynx?

Answer 36

palatine and lingual

Question 37

Which tonsils are found in the nasopharynx?

Answer 37

pharyngeal

Question 38

Name the epithelium type found covering the vocal folds.

Answer 38

stratified squamous

Question 39

Which type of epithelium covers the vestibular folds?

Answer 39

respiratory

Question 40

What type of epithelium covers the upper surface of the epiglottis?

Answer 40

stratified squamous

Question 41

The epiglottis is made of what kind of cartilage?

Answer 41

elastic

Question 42

Where can seromucous glands be found within the wall of the trachea?

Answer 42

lamina propria of mucosa

Question 43

Name the surface epithelium lining the trachea?

Answer 43

respiratory

Question 44

Describe the muscularis mucosa of the trachea.

Answer 44

absent

Question 45

In the trachea, what does the muscularis externa consist of?

Answer 45

trachealis muscle

Question 46

Name the four parts of the blood-gas barrier beginning with the alveoli.

Answer 46

1. pulmonary surfactant 2. alveolar type I cell 3. fused basal lamina (b/w alveolar type I cell & endothelial cell of capillary) 4. endothelial cells

Question 47

Which cell type is not fully functional in adequate numbers in pre-mature infants born with RDS?

Answer 47

alveolar type II

Question 48

What cells produce alpha-1 AT?

Answer 48

hepatocytes

Question 49

What fibers do alpha-1 AT protect in the lungs?

Answer 49

elastic

Question 50

Which cell type is unique to bronchioles?

Answer 50

clara cells

Question 51

What two structural/functional components are lacking in bronchioles but found in tertiary/segmental bronchi?

Answer 51

cartilage | seromucous glands

Question 52

What tissue type will form a complete layer in bronchioles but not in tertiary/segmental bronchi?

Answer 52

smooth muscle

Question 53

Which cell type acts as as the stem cell for bronchiolar epthelial cells?

Answer 53

clara cells

Question 54

Which alveolar septal cell will act as a stem cell?

Answer 54

alveolar type II

Question 55

Which alveolar septal cell will clean septal walls?

Answer 55

alveolar macrophages

Question 56

Which alveolar septal cell will exchange gases?

Answer 56

alveolar type I

Question 57

Which alveolar septal cell will develop from monocytes?

Answer 57

alveolar macrophages

Question 58

Which alveolar septal cell will produce pulmonary surfactant?

Answer 58

alveolar type II