Urinary System

Question 1

which renal structure filters the blood?

Answer 1

Glomerulus

Question 2

which urinary excretory duct [ong] conveys urine from the bladder to outside the body

Answer 2

Urethra

Question 3

which body organ filters blood and produces urine as a by-product of waste material?

Answer 3

Kidney

Question 4

At which vertebral level is the superior border of the kidneys usually found?

Answer 4

T12

Question 5

What is the name of the opening on the medial border of a kidney?

Answer 5

Hilum

Question 6

Which is an excretory exam used to demonstrate the upper urinary tract?

Answer 6

Intravenous urography

Question 7

Which exam has the ability to produce a radiographic image demonstrating renal cortical tissue well staturated with contrast medium?

Answer 7

Intravenous urography

Question 8

Which projection best demonstrates the mobility of the kidneys?

Answer 8

AP projection with the patient upright

Question 9

In intravenous urography, what is the purpose of applying compression pads over the distal ends of both ureters?

Answer 9

To retard the flow of opacified urine into the bladder

Question 10

which is NOT a reason for obtaining a scout radiograph with the patient recumbent for excretory urography?

Answer 10

To demonstrate the mobility of the kidneys

Question 11

For excretory urography, what should an adult patient do just before getting on the exam table?

Answer 11

Empty the bladder

Question 12

What is the purpose of obtaining an AP projection radiograph of the kidneys 30 seconds after the bolus injection of a contrast medium in excretory urography

Answer 12

To demonstrate opacified renal cortex

Question 13

What is the purpose of tilting the patient and table 15 to 20 degrees toward the Trendelenburg position for the AP projection during excretory urography?

Answer 13

To demonstrate distal ureters

Question 14

How many degrees should the patient be rotated for AP oblique projections, posterior oblique positions, during excretory urography?

Answer 14

30

Question 15

For intravenous urography of a child, what should the patient be given when the scout radiograph shows an excessive amount of intestinal gas overlying the kidneys?

Answer 15

12 oz of a carbonated beverage

Question 16

Which exam requires that the patient be placed on a special urographic-radiographic exam table?

Answer 16

Retrograde urography

Question 17

Which renal structures are not demonstrated during retrograde urographic exam?

Answer 17

Nephrons

Question 18

In addition to the AP projection, which projection would most likely be included in the radiographs for retrograde urography?

Answer 18

AP oblique projection

Question 19

what is the purpose of tilting the table 10 to 15 degrees toward the Trendelenburg position for retrograde urography?

Answer 19

To prevent contrast medium form escaping the kidneys

Question 20

What is the purpose of raising the head of the table 35 to 40 degrees for retrograde urography?

Answer 20

To demonstrate the ureters

Question 21

which condition would most likely be demonstrated during voiding cystography?

Answer 21

Ureteral reflux

Question 22

For the AP axial projection of the bladder, how many degrees and in which direction should the central ray be directed?

Answer 22

15 degrees caudal

Question 23

For retrograde cystography, which projection should be performed to demonstrate the anterior and posterior walls of the bladder/

Answer 23

Recumbent lateral projection

Question 24

For cystourethrography wiht an adult male patient, to which level of the patient should the IR be centered?

Answer 24

Pubic symphysis

Question 25

For cystourethrography wiht an adult male patient, which of the following should be used to obtain a radiograph while the patient is urinating?

Answer 25

Recumbent AP oblique projection