Urinary System Flashcards
which renal structure filters the blood?
Glomerulus
which urinary excretory duct [ong] conveys urine from the bladder to outside the body
Urethra
which body organ filters blood and produces urine as a by-product of waste material?
Kidney
At which vertebral level is the superior border of the kidneys usually found?
T12
What is the name of the opening on the medial border of a kidney?
Hilum
Which is an excretory exam used to demonstrate the upper urinary tract?
Intravenous urography
Which exam has the ability to produce a radiographic image demonstrating renal cortical tissue well staturated with contrast medium?
Intravenous urography
Which projection best demonstrates the mobility of the kidneys?
AP projection with the patient upright
In intravenous urography, what is the purpose of applying compression pads over the distal ends of both ureters?
To retard the flow of opacified urine into the bladder
which is NOT a reason for obtaining a scout radiograph with the patient recumbent for excretory urography?
To demonstrate the mobility of the kidneys
For excretory urography, what should an adult patient do just before getting on the exam table?
Empty the bladder
What is the purpose of obtaining an AP projection radiograph of the kidneys 30 seconds after the bolus injection of a contrast medium in excretory urography
To demonstrate opacified renal cortex
What is the purpose of tilting the patient and table 15 to 20 degrees toward the Trendelenburg position for the AP projection during excretory urography?
To demonstrate distal ureters
How many degrees should the patient be rotated for AP oblique projections, posterior oblique positions, during excretory urography?
30
For intravenous urography of a child, what should the patient be given when the scout radiograph shows an excessive amount of intestinal gas overlying the kidneys?
12 oz of a carbonated beverage
Which exam requires that the patient be placed on a special urographic-radiographic exam table?
Retrograde urography
Which renal structures are not demonstrated during retrograde urographic exam?
Nephrons
In addition to the AP projection, which projection would most likely be included in the radiographs for retrograde urography?
AP oblique projection
what is the purpose of tilting the table 10 to 15 degrees toward the Trendelenburg position for retrograde urography?
To prevent contrast medium form escaping the kidneys
What is the purpose of raising the head of the table 35 to 40 degrees for retrograde urography?
To demonstrate the ureters
which condition would most likely be demonstrated during voiding cystography?
Ureteral reflux
For the AP axial projection of the bladder, how many degrees and in which direction should the central ray be directed?
15 degrees caudal
For retrograde cystography, which projection should be performed to demonstrate the anterior and posterior walls of the bladder/
Recumbent lateral projection
For cystourethrography wiht an adult male patient, to which level of the patient should the IR be centered?
Pubic symphysis
For cystourethrography wiht an adult male patient, which of the following should be used to obtain a radiograph while the patient is urinating?
Recumbent AP oblique projection
