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Hannah RAD I > Contrast Media - Review 2 > Flashcards

Contrast Media - Review 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Ingested by mouth

A

Route: Oral; Example: Upper GI, Esophagram,

Rehab swallow study

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2
Q

Administered rectally

A

Rectal; Barium enema (BE)

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3
Q

Administered by injection

using a needle

A

Parenteral

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4
Q

Administered directly into

a vein

A

Parenteral-Intravenous; IVU

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5
Q

Administered directly into

an artery

A

Parenteral-Intra-arterial; Arteriogram

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6
Q

Administered directly into

a sheath

A

Parenteral-Intrathecal; Myelogram

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7
Q

Administered against the

normal flow

A

Retrograde; Cystogram, VCUG, BE

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8
Q

Anatomic areas filled with negative contrast media will

appear ________________ on radiographs.

A

dark

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9
Q

List examples of positive contrast media.

A

barium sulfate & iodinated contrast media

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10
Q

What is the atomic number of barium?

A

56

This makes it radiopaque

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11
Q

What is the chemical formula of barium sulfate?

A

BaSO4

1 atom of barium + 1 atom of sulfur + 4 atoms of oxygen

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12
Q

Describe a colloidal suspension.

A

Particles are suspended in the water
and will settle out when allowed to
sit for too long

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13
Q

What type of barium is best suited to coat the

mucosal lining of the esophagus?

A

Thick barium

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14
Q

What are barium pills used for?

A

to evaluate for strictures in the

esophagus

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15
Q

List contraindications for the administration of

barium.

A 
 Suspected colon obstruction
 Gastrointestinal perforation
 Transesophageal fistula
 Obstructing lesions of the small intestine
 Inflammation or neoplastic lesions of the rectum
 Pyloric stenosis
 Paralytic ileus
 Gastrointestinal hemorrhage
 Toxic megacolon
 Recent gastrointestinal biopsy or surgery (within 3-5
days)
 Pre-op or pre-endoscopy
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16
Q

A patient must undergo a small bowel series today and is
scheduled for abdominal surgery tomorrow. What type of oral
contrast should be used?

A

Oral iodinated contrast media

Gastrografin or Gastroview

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17
Q

What is the most common complication of

barium administration?

A

Constipation

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18
Q

List other complications of barium

administration.

A

 Perforation (extravasation into the abdominal cavity)
 Vaginal rupture caused by incorrect placement of the
catheter for lower GI exams (very rare)
 Fluid overload resulting from water absorption from
the colon
 Aspiration into the lungs (can result in barium
pneumonia)
 Allergic reactions (rare)

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19
Q

What is the atomic number of iodine?

A

53

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20
Q

A double contrast study involves the

administration of what types of contrast media?

A

radiopaque (positive) and radiolucent

(negative) contrast media

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21
Q

Define osmolality.

A

A measure of the total number of
particles in a solution per kilogram of
water

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22
Q

Define viscosity [tính nhớt
•tính dẻo, tính dính
cua chat long]

A

Resistance of fluid to movement; measured by the
amount of force required to move liquid under
specific conditions
Commonly referred to as the “thickness” of a fluid

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23
Q

What is the difference between ionic contrast

media and non-ionic contrast media?

A

Ionic contrast – iodine molecules dissociate in a
solution; greater chance of adverse reaction
Non-ionic contrast – iodine molecules do NOT
dissociate in a solution; less chance of adverse reaction

24
Q

What type of contrast media contains the

same number of particles as blood plasma?

A

Isomolal

Visipaque is an example

25
Q

List some common side effects of injectable

iodinated contrast media.

A

Temporary hot flash

Metallic taste in the mouth

26
Q

What is extravasation? How is it treated?

A

Extravasation is the discharge or escape of fluid from a
vessel into the surrounding tissue resulting in acute,
local inflammation.
Treat with a cold compress followed by a warm
compress to relieve pain and promote reabsorption of
extravasated contrast media

27
Q

Question: 27 to 36: For each reaction to injectable iodinated contrast media,
indicate whether the reaction is Mild, Moderate, or Severe.
Vomiting:

A

Mild [nhe]

28
Q

Arrhythmia

A

SEVERE [thiet nang]

29
Q

Tachycardia

A

MODERATE [trung binh]

30
Q

Urticaria

A

MODERATE

31
Q

Nausea [chong mat]

A

MILD

32
Q

Anaphylactic Shock

A

SEVERE

33
Q

Dyspnea

A

MODERATE

34
Q

Dysphagia

A

MODERATE

35
Q

Laryngeal swelling

A

SEVERE

36
Q

Anxiety

A

MILD

37
Q

List some contraindications [su cho ngai] of injectable

iodinated contrast media.

A

 Hypersensitivity to iodinated contrast media
 Anuria (a.k.a. anuresis) - absence of urine excretion
 Multiple myeloma
 Diabetes, especially diabetes mellitus
 Severe hepatic or renal disease
 Congestive heart failure
 Pheochromocytoma
 Sickle cell anemia
 Patient on certain diabetic medications (i.e. Metformin,
Glucophage, Avandament, etc.)
 Medication should be withheld for 48 hours after the completion
of the iodinated contrast media study
 Renal failure (acute or chronic)

38
Q

What is the kVp range used for the following

contrast studies?

A

 Single-contrast barium studies – 110-120 kVp
 Double-contrast barium studies – 90 kVp
 Injected iodinated contrast studies – 80-85 kVp

39
Q

Questions 39 - 41:
Measures of Kidney Function:
-BUN (blood urea nitrogen)

A

Normal Range*:
8 – 24 mg/dL for adult men
6 – 21 mg/dL for adult women

40
Q

Creatinine Level

A

Normal Range: 0.6 – 1.2 mg/dL
(many facilities will not inject
patients with a level above 1.5)

41
Q

GFR (glomerular filtration rate)

A 
Normal range: 
Normal kidney function = 90-130
Mild kidney damage = 60-90
Moderate kidney damage = 30-60
Severe kidney damage = 15-30
Kidney failure = 0-15
42
Q

Describe the valsalva maneuver that can be

used during an esophagram.

A

Patient takes in deep breath and holds
breath in while bearing down as if trying
to move the bowels

43
Q

What kind of patient preparation is needed

for an UGI?

A

Food and water withheld after midnight for 8
to 9 hours before examination (NPO)
Stomach should be empty

44
Q

Which view in the UGI series is best for

evaluation of a hiatal hernia?

A

PA

45
Q

A small bowel series is considered complete

when the contrast is seen in the ________

A

Cecum

must pass the ileocecal valve

46
Q

When the balloon of the retention tip used for a barium enema
is inflated with one squeeze, how much air will fill the balloon?

A

90 mL of air

47
Q

Most barium enema bags have a capacity of

mL and the tubing is approximately feet long.

A 
3000 mL (3 quarts)
6 feet
48
Q

What temperature should the barium be for a

barium enema?

A

85 - 90 F
 Barium that is too warm can injure the intestinal
tissues and be hard for the patient to retain
 Barium that is too cold can cause cramping

49
Q

Describe the Sims position

A

Patient is instructed to roll onto the left side, then
roll forward about 35-40 degrees, and rest the flexed
right knee on the table above and in front of the
slightly flexed knee

50
Q

What should the height of the barium bag be

for a barium enema?

A

Height of bag should be 19-24 inches above

the level of the anus

51
Q

Why is it important to void the bladder prior

to an intravenous urogram (IVU)?

A

A bladder that is too full could rupture, especially if
compression is used.
Urine already present in the bladder dilutes the
contrast media that accumulates there.

52
Q

When using compression for an IVU, at what

level is the compression placed on the patient?

A

Compression is centered over level of anterior

superior iliac spine (ASIS)

53
Q

What are some contraindications to using

compression for an IVU?

A 
 Urinary stones
 Abdominal mass
 Aortic aneurysm
 Colostomy
 Suprapubic catheter
 Traumatic injury
 Recent abdominal surgery
 Severe abdominal pain
54
Q

A nephoromogram is done to visualize the :

A 
renal parenchyma (nephrons and
collecting tubes)
55
Q

When performing the RPO view for an IVU,

which kidney is best seen?

A

Right

side closest to IR

Hannah RAD I (12 decks)

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