Shoulder Girdle Flashcards
what classification of bone is the scapula?
Flat
which classification of bone is the clavicle?
Long
what is the name of the fossa on the anterior surface of the scapula?
Subscapular [fossa]
which border of the scapula extends from the glenoid cavity to the inferior angle?
Lateral
which border of the scapula extends from the superior angle to the inferior angle?
Medial
of which part of the scapula is the acromion an extension?
Spine
where is the coracoid process located in reference to the body of the scapula?
Lateral and superior
which borders of the scapula unite to form the superior angle?
Medial and superior [borders]
which borders of the scapula unite to form the inferior angle?
Medial and Lateral [borders]
where is the scapular notch located?
Superior border
which joint is a ball and socket joint?
scapulohumeral
which portion of the scapula articulates with the humeral head?
Glenoid fossa
which portion of the scapula articulates with the clavicle?
Acromion
when performing AP projection of the shoulder, where should the central ray be directed?
1 inch (2.5 cm) inferior to the coracoid process
with reference to the plane of the IR, how should the humeral epicondyles be positioned for the AP projection of the shoulder with the shoulder in external rotation?
Parrallel
with reference to the plane of the IR, how should the humeral epicondyles be positioned for the AP projection of the shoulder with the shoulder in internal rotation?
Perpendicular
with reference to the plane of the IR, how should the humeral epicondyles be positioned for the AP projection of the shoulder with the shoulder in neutral rotation?
45 degrees medial oblique
which projection of the shoulder best demonstrates the greater tubercle of the humerus in profile?
AP projection with external rotation
which projection of the shoulder best demonstrates the humeral head in profile?
AP projection with external rotation
which projection of the shoulder best demonstrates the lesser tubercle of the humerus in profile and pointing toward the glenoid cavity?
AP projection with internal rotation
which projection of the shoulder is being performed when the patient is supine with the right shoulder centered on the IR, a vertical central ray is being directed perpendicular to the center of the IR, and the humeral epicoidyles are parallel with the plane of the IR?
AP projection with external rotation
what should be adjusted from the regular procedure for the transthoracic lateral projection (Lawrence method) of the humerus if the patient is unable to elevate the unaffected arm?
Central ray angulation
which projection of the upper limb should be performed to demonstrate a fracture of the proximal humerus when that arm cannot be abducted?
Transthoracic lateral projection (Lawrence method) of the humerus
when performing the transthoracic lateral projection (Lawrence method) of the humerus, which breathing technique should be used to best improve the image contrast and decrease the exposure necessary to penetrate the body?
Suspended full inspiratoin
which projection of the shoulder requires that a horizontal central ray be directed 15-30 degrees medially and enter the axilla of the affected arm?
Inferosuperior axial projection (Lawrence method)
what is the proper position of the humerus for the inferosuperior axial projection?
Abducted to a right angle and externally rotated
how should the central ray be directed for the PA oblique projection (scapular Y) of the shoulder?
Perpendicular to the IR
In which body position should the patient be placed to demonstrate the left shoulder with the PA oblique projection (scapular Y)?
Left anterior bolique
which projection of the shoulder joint requires the patient to be rotated until the midcoronal plane forms an angle of 45 to 60 degrees with the plane of the IR?
PA oblique projection (scapular Y)
where is the humerus generally demonstrated on a PA oblique shoulder (Scapular Y) image if the shoulder is normal?
Superimposed on the junction of the acromion and coracoid process
where is the humeral head usually seen on a PA oblique (Scapular Y) image if the shoulder is anteriorly dislocated?
Beneath the coracoid process
which projection of the shoulder girdle is performed with the patient supine, an IR placed vertically against the superior surface of the shoulder, and the central ray angled 10-15 degrees posteriorly (downward from horizontal)?
Tangential for the intertubercular groove
which projection will demonstrate the scapulohumeral joint space open and the glenoid cavity in profile?
AP oblique projection (Grashey method)
what would be the required patient position to demonstrate the left shoulder using the AP oblique projection (Grashey) method?
35-45 degrees LPO
when demonstrating the intertubercular groove with the Fisk modification of the tangential projection, how should the affected humerus be positioned?
the vertical humerus should form an angle of 10-15 degrees
if the patient’s condition permits, which joint should be demonstated with the patient in an upright position?
Acromioclavicular
how many degrees and in which direction should the central ray be directed for the PA axial projection of the clavicle?
15-30 degrees caudad
how many degrees and in which direction should the central ray be directed for the AP axial projection of the clavicle with the patient supine?
15-30 degrees cephalad
when performing the AP projection of the scapula the central ray should be directed toward a point 2 inches (5cm) _____ to the coracoid process.
Inferior
when performing a lateral projection of the scapula with the patient positioned right anterior oblique (RAO) or left anterior (LAO), approximately how much body rotation is necessary for the average patient?
45-60 degrees
