Alimentary Canal - Digestive System (Upper and Lower GI) Flashcards
in which body habitus type is the stomach almost horizontal and high in the abdomen?
Hypersthenic
which curvature is located on the right (medial) border of the stomach?
Lesser
which area is the most superior part of the stomach?
Fundus
which area is the most inferior part of the stomach?
Pylorus
The distal esophagus empties its contents into which of the following?
Cardiac antrum
which opening is located between the stomach and small intestine?
Pyloric orifice
which opening is at the distal end of the small intestine?
Ileocecal orifice
which structure is the proximal part of the small intestine?
Duodenum
which structure is the distal part of the small intestine?
ileum
in which abdominal region does the large intestine originate?
right iliac
which structure is the proximal part of the large intestine?
Cecum
which part of the large intestine is located between the ascending and descending parts of the colon?
Transverse colon
which structure is located between the ascending colon and the transverse colon?
Right colic flexure
where in the large intestine is the left colic flexure located?
between the transverse colon and the descending colon
which structure is the pouchlike part of the large intestine situated below the junction of the ileum and the colon?
Cecum
where in the large intestine is the sigmoid located?
between the descending colon and the rectum
Approximately how long does it usually take a barium meal to reach the ileocecal valve?
2-3 hours
approximately how long does it usually take a barium meal to reach the rectum?
24 hours
which two imaging modalities [may moc] are most commonly used to examine the alimentary canal after the introduction of a barium product?
Fluoroscopy and radiography
which type of contrast medium is most commonly used for examining the upper GI tract?
A barium sulfate suspension
to best demonstrate the swallowing function, in which position should the patient be placed to begin the fluoroscopic phase of single-contrast examinations of the esophagus?
Upright
which two recumbent oblique positions can be used to best demonstrate an unobstructed image of a barium-filled esophagus between the vertebrae and the heart?
RAO and LPO
which of the following is a major advantage of the double-contrast UGI examination over the single contrast UGI examination?
Small lesions on the mucosal lining are better demonstrated
which description refers to the biphasic GI examination?
A combination single-contrast and double-contrast study of the upper GI tract
which body habitus produces the greatest visceral movement when a patient is moved form the prone position to the upright position?
Asthenic
for the PA projection as part of the UGI exam, why should the lower lung fields be included on a 14-17-inch (35x43 cm) IR?
To demonstrated a possible hiatal hernia
for the double-contrast UGI exam, which projection produces the best image of a gas-filled duodenal bulb and pyloric canal?
AP oblique projection, recumbent LPO position
for the single-contrast UGI exam with the patient recumbent, which projection produces the best image of a barium-filled pyloric canal and duodenal bulb in patients whose habitus approx. the sthenic type?
PA oblique projection, RAO position
for the UGI exam with the patient recumbent, which projection best stimulates gastric peristalsis to better demonstrate the pyloric canal and duodenal bulb?
PA oblique projection, RAO position
which breathing procedure should the patient perform when UGI radiographs are exposed?
Suspended expiration
for the double-contrast UGI exam with the patient recumbent, which projection produces the best image of a gas-filled fundus?
PA oblique projection, RAO position
for the UGI exam with the patient recumbent, which projection best demonstrates the right retrogastric space?
right lateral projection
for the AP projection with the patient supine (as part of the UGI exam), which procedure should be performed to best demonstrate a diaphragmatic herniation (hiatal hernia)?
Tilt the table and patient into a full Trendelenburg position
To which level of the patient should the central ray be directed for the PA oblique projection, RAO position, as part of the UGI exam?
L1-L2
which exam of the alimentary canal required that a series of radiographs be taken at specific time intervals after the ingestion of the contrast medium?
Small bowel series
For a small bowel series of a patient with hypomotility of the small intestine, which procedure should be performed to accelerate peristalsis?
Instruct the patient to drink a glass of ice water
which structure, when visualized on a radiograph as part of a small bowel series, usually indicates the completion of the exam?
Cecum
what is the proper sequence for filling the large intestine with barium when performing a BE?
Rectum, sigmoid, descending colon, transverse colon, and ascending colon
which instruction should be given to the patient if cramping is experienced during filling of the large intestine for a BE?
Concentrate on deep oral breathing
before the enema tip is inserted during a BE, why should a small amount of barium sulfate mixture be allowed to run into a waste basin?
to remove air form the tube
which procedure should be accomplished when inserting the enema itp for a BE?
ensure that the tip is inserted no more than 3 1/2 to 4 inches (8.9 to 10 cm)
for the PA projection during a BE, what is the advange of placing the x-ray table and patient in a slight Trendelenburg position?
To help separate overlapping loops of the distal bowel
which structures of the large intestine are of primary interest with AP axial or PA axial projection during a BE?
Sigmoid and rectum
how many degrees and in which direction should the central ray be directed for the PA axial projection during a BE?
30 to 40 degrees caudal
which structure of the large intestine is of primary interest for the PA oblique projection, RAO position, during BE exam?
Right colic flexture
which two oblique projection can be performed to best demonstrate the left colic flexure during a BE?
PA oblique projection, LAO position; and AP oblique projection, RPO position
which structure of the large intestine is best demonstrated if the patient is rotated 45 degrees form a supine position to move the right side of the abdomen away from the x-ray table during a BE?
Right colic flexure
for the right lateral decubitus position as part of a BE, which procedure should be done to ensure that the ascending colon is demonstrated in the image?
Elevate the patient on a radiolucent support
which BE projection requires that a 10-12 inch (24 x 30 cm) IR be placed lengthwise and centered to the level of the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)?
Lateral projeciton
which BE projection does not require colic flexures to be included in the image?
Lateral projection
