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Hannah RAD I > Alimentary Canal - Digestive System (Upper and Lower GI) > Flashcards

Alimentary Canal - Digestive System (Upper and Lower GI) Flashcards

1
Q

in which body habitus type is the stomach almost horizontal and high in the abdomen?

A

Hypersthenic

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2
Q

which curvature is located on the right (medial) border of the stomach?

A

Lesser

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3
Q

which area is the most superior part of the stomach?

A

Fundus

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4
Q

which area is the most inferior part of the stomach?

A

Pylorus

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5
Q

The distal esophagus empties its contents into which of the following?

A

Cardiac antrum

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6
Q

which opening is located between the stomach and small intestine?

A

Pyloric orifice

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7
Q

which opening is at the distal end of the small intestine?

A

Ileocecal orifice

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8
Q

which structure is the proximal part of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum

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9
Q

which structure is the distal part of the small intestine?

A

ileum

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10
Q

in which abdominal region does the large intestine originate?

A

right iliac

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11
Q

which structure is the proximal part of the large intestine?

A

Cecum

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12
Q

which part of the large intestine is located between the ascending and descending parts of the colon?

A

Transverse colon

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13
Q

which structure is located between the ascending colon and the transverse colon?

A

Right colic flexure

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14
Q

where in the large intestine is the left colic flexure located?

A

between the transverse colon and the descending colon

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15
Q

which structure is the pouchlike part of the large intestine situated below the junction of the ileum and the colon?

A

Cecum

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16
Q

where in the large intestine is the sigmoid located?

A

between the descending colon and the rectum

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17
Q

Approximately how long does it usually take a barium meal to reach the ileocecal valve?

A

2-3 hours

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18
Q

approximately how long does it usually take a barium meal to reach the rectum?

A

24 hours

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19
Q

which two imaging modalities [may moc] are most commonly used to examine the alimentary canal after the introduction of a barium product?

A

Fluoroscopy and radiography

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20
Q

which type of contrast medium is most commonly used for examining the upper GI tract?

A

A barium sulfate suspension

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21
Q

to best demonstrate the swallowing function, in which position should the patient be placed to begin the fluoroscopic phase of single-contrast examinations of the esophagus?

A

Upright

22
Q

which two recumbent oblique positions can be used to best demonstrate an unobstructed image of a barium-filled esophagus between the vertebrae and the heart?

A

RAO and LPO

23
Q

which of the following is a major advantage of the double-contrast UGI examination over the single contrast UGI examination?

A

Small lesions on the mucosal lining are better demonstrated

24
Q

which description refers to the biphasic GI examination?

A

A combination single-contrast and double-contrast study of the upper GI tract

25
Q

which body habitus produces the greatest visceral movement when a patient is moved form the prone position to the upright position?

A

Asthenic

26
Q

for the PA projection as part of the UGI exam, why should the lower lung fields be included on a 14-17-inch (35x43 cm) IR?

A

To demonstrated a possible hiatal hernia

27
Q

for the double-contrast UGI exam, which projection produces the best image of a gas-filled duodenal bulb and pyloric canal?

A

AP oblique projection, recumbent LPO position

28
Q

for the single-contrast UGI exam with the patient recumbent, which projection produces the best image of a barium-filled pyloric canal and duodenal bulb in patients whose habitus approx. the sthenic type?

A

PA oblique projection, RAO position

29
Q

for the UGI exam with the patient recumbent, which projection best stimulates gastric peristalsis to better demonstrate the pyloric canal and duodenal bulb?

A

PA oblique projection, RAO position

30
Q

which breathing procedure should the patient perform when UGI radiographs are exposed?

A

Suspended expiration

31
Q

for the double-contrast UGI exam with the patient recumbent, which projection produces the best image of a gas-filled fundus?

A

PA oblique projection, RAO position

32
Q

for the UGI exam with the patient recumbent, which projection best demonstrates the right retrogastric space?

A

right lateral projection

33
Q

for the AP projection with the patient supine (as part of the UGI exam), which procedure should be performed to best demonstrate a diaphragmatic herniation (hiatal hernia)?

A

Tilt the table and patient into a full Trendelenburg position

34
Q

To which level of the patient should the central ray be directed for the PA oblique projection, RAO position, as part of the UGI exam?

A

L1-L2

35
Q

which exam of the alimentary canal required that a series of radiographs be taken at specific time intervals after the ingestion of the contrast medium?

A

Small bowel series

36
Q

For a small bowel series of a patient with hypomotility of the small intestine, which procedure should be performed to accelerate peristalsis?

A

Instruct the patient to drink a glass of ice water

37
Q

which structure, when visualized on a radiograph as part of a small bowel series, usually indicates the completion of the exam?

A

Cecum

38
Q

what is the proper sequence for filling the large intestine with barium when performing a BE?

A

Rectum, sigmoid, descending colon, transverse colon, and ascending colon

39
Q

which instruction should be given to the patient if cramping is experienced during filling of the large intestine for a BE?

A

Concentrate on deep oral breathing

40
Q

before the enema tip is inserted during a BE, why should a small amount of barium sulfate mixture be allowed to run into a waste basin?

A

to remove air form the tube

41
Q

which procedure should be accomplished when inserting the enema itp for a BE?

A

ensure that the tip is inserted no more than 3 1/2 to 4 inches (8.9 to 10 cm)

42
Q

for the PA projection during a BE, what is the advange of placing the x-ray table and patient in a slight Trendelenburg position?

A

To help separate overlapping loops of the distal bowel

43
Q

which structures of the large intestine are of primary interest with AP axial or PA axial projection during a BE?

A

Sigmoid and rectum

44
Q

how many degrees and in which direction should the central ray be directed for the PA axial projection during a BE?

A

30 to 40 degrees caudal

45
Q

which structure of the large intestine is of primary interest for the PA oblique projection, RAO position, during BE exam?

A

Right colic flexture

46
Q

which two oblique projection can be performed to best demonstrate the left colic flexure during a BE?

A

PA oblique projection, LAO position; and AP oblique projection, RPO position

47
Q

which structure of the large intestine is best demonstrated if the patient is rotated 45 degrees form a supine position to move the right side of the abdomen away from the x-ray table during a BE?

A

Right colic flexure

48
Q

for the right lateral decubitus position as part of a BE, which procedure should be done to ensure that the ascending colon is demonstrated in the image?

A

Elevate the patient on a radiolucent support

49
Q

which BE projection requires that a 10-12 inch (24 x 30 cm) IR be placed lengthwise and centered to the level of the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)?

A

Lateral projeciton

50
Q

which BE projection does not require colic flexures to be included in the image?

A

Lateral projection

Hannah RAD I (12 decks)

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