urinary system Flashcards
what is the purpose of the urinary system?
stores and voids waste
how is the urinary system innervated?
primarily by autonomic nervous system
what is the renal artery?
brings blood from heart to kidney, shortest branch off of aorta
what is the renal vein?
anterior to artery, drains venous blood from kidney to inferior vena cava
where are the kidneys located?
retroperitoneally
what occurs in the glomerulus?
blood filtration
what do nephrons do?
kidney filtration, reabsorb H2O, make urine
what are the parts of a nephron?
renal corpuscle, proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop (loop of henle), distal convoluted tubule
urine pathway
filtrate exits DCT -> filtrate enters collecting ducts -> into a minor calyx -> into a major calyx -> into the renal pelvis -> into the ureters
structure of bladder walls
3 smooth muscle layers - detrusor muscle
bladder has involuntary internal urethral sphincter
micturition reflex
bladder expands as urine fills it -> stretch receptors send signal to sacral spinal cord -> brainstem -> pontine micturition center (pons and cortex) communicate on when to urinate -> parasympathetic response -> detrusor muscle contracts and sphincters relax
holding: inhibitory signals -> bladder -> sphincters close
what is the role of the kidneys?
filtration of blood and excretion of urea
what is the hilum?
slit where kidney receives renal nerves, vessels, lymphatics, and ureter
what is the renal sinus?
central cavity that contains renal pelvis, calyces, and renal artery
flow of fluid from the point where glomerular filtrate is formed to when urine leaves kidney
capsule -> proximal convoluted tubule -> loop of henle -> distal convoluted tubule -> collecting duct -> papillary duct -> minor calyx -> major calyx -> renal pelvis -> ureter
