Anatomy Test 2 Flashcards
CN I
olfactory nerve, sensory
CN II
optic nerve, sensory
CN III
oculomotor, motor
CN IV
Trochlear, motor
CN V
Trigeminal nerve, sensory and motor
CN VI
Abducens, motor
CN VII
Facial nerve, motor and sensory
CN VIII
vestibular cochlear nerve, sensory
CN IX
glossopharyngeal nerve, motor and sensory
CN X
Vagus nerve, motor and sensory
CN XI
accessory nerve, motor
CN XII
hypoglossal merve, motor
3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve
ophthalmic division (CN V1), maxillary division (CN V2), mandibular division(CN V3)
Components of the brain
Cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem
Divisions of the nervous system
Central(brain + spinal cord) and peripheral(sensory and motor)
4 regions of the cortex
Motor, visual, somato sensory, auditory
Broca area
Works in conjunction with the motor cortex to allow us to speak
Wernicke’s area
Works with auditory cortex to allow us to understand spoken language
Function of CN I
Olfactory bulb to cerebrum, sense of smell
Function of CN II
Optic nerve to optic chiasm - 1/2 of info from each eye crosses to synchronize in visual cortex
Function of CN III
Eye movement and pupil dilation
function of CN IV
Eye movement downward and outward
Function of CN V
Motor to mastication muscles (master, temporalis) sensory to entire face- nasal and oral cavities, teeth, some scalp
Function of CN VI
Lateral eye movement
Function of CN VII
Facial expression muscles, tear production and salivation, taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue
Function of CN VIII
Hearing and equilibrium (balance) → vestibula
Function of CN IX
Motor: pharynx muscle
Sensory: taste posterior 1/3 of tongue, increases salivation , gag reflex
Function of CN X
Motor: most swallowing and vocal muscles
Sensory: taste back of mouth
Controls heart rate gi tract, sweating, and inflammatory response
Function of CN XI
Innovates sternocleidomastoid and upper trapezius muscles
Function of CN XII
most tongue muscles
If there is damage tongue points to damaged side
Divisions of the spinal cord
Cervical nerves, thoracic nerves, lumbar nerves, and sacral nerves
What are the three plexuses?
Cervical plexus (C1-C5): 8 nerves, neck muscles, diaphragm
Brachial plexus (C5-T1): 12 nerves, upper limb muscles
Lumbosachral plexus (L1-S4): 5 nerves, lower limbs and pelvic girdle muscles
What nerves make up the brachial plexus?
Anterior: musculocutaneous nerve and median nerve
Posterior: axillary nerve, ulnar nerve, radial nerve
Nerves in lumbosachral plexus
Femoral nerve (anterior thigh), obturator nerve (medial thigh), sciatic nerve (posterior thigh and entire leg)
3 layers of the eye
Fibrous outer layer, vascular middle layer, neural inner layer
Parts of the fibrous outer layer of the eye
Sclera and cornea
Parts of the vascular middle layer of the eye
Choroid, ciliary body, iris
Parts of the neural inner layer of the eye
Retina
Sympathetic vs parasympathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic- rest and digest
Sympathetic - fight or flight
Muscles of the iris
2 muscles innervated by the autonomic nervous system
Sphincter pupillae: muscle contracts, pupil contracts
Dilator pupillae: muscle contracts, pupil dilates
6 extrinsic eye muscles
Superior oblique, inferior oblique, medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus
3 regions of the ear
External, middle, inner
What are ossicles?
Mechanically transduce and amplify sound waves
How does cochlea sense sound
- Sound waves vibrate ear drum
- Ossicles amplify and vibrate oval window
- Pressure waves move through perilymph
- Specialized cells (hair cells) in cochlear duct bend and signal is transmitted
Top and bottom of the heart
Apex : pointed inferior end
Base: rounded superior end
What does the left side of the heart do?
Pumps blood to body: systematic circulation
What does the right side of the heart do?
Pumps blood to lungs - pulmonary circulation
