Urinary System Flashcards
Describe the urinary pathway
- kidneys to ureters to bladder to urethra to external urethral orifice
What is considered the upper urinary tract?
Kidneys and ureters
What is considered the urinary lower tract?
UB and urethra
Which kidney is more cranial and in contact with the liver?
right kidney
Which kidney is more pendulous and mobile?
Left kidney
What are the 2 main anatomy parts of a kidney?
Cortex and medulla
What is included in a kidney lobe?
Renal pyramid, cortex, renal papillae
In which species are the kidney lobes separate?
Cows
Describe a kidney lobe in pigs
Fused cortex but separate pyramids
What is the functional unit of a kidney?
Nephron
What part of the kidney filters blood?
Renal corpuscle
What does the Loop of Henle do?
Concentrate urine
Which structure descends into the medulla?
Collecting tubule
Into what does the renal vein drain?
Caudal Vena Cava
How do the ureters close?
The UB fills and puts pressure on the ureters
True or false: the ureters travel intramurally at some point
True
Define the trigone
Where the ureters empty and the urethra forms
What muscle is in the urethra?
urethralis mm
Which type of muscle makes up the internal muscle sphincters of the urethra?
Smooth
What are the smooth muscle tubes that are the conduits for urine from kidneys to the UB?
Ureters
Where do the ureters arise from?
Renal pelvis
In the dog, the pelvic ureter enters the _________ ligament and then the __________ ligament of the bladder
Broad; lateral
What is the urine storage structure of the body?
Urinary bladder
When the UB is full, where is it located?
Ventral abdominal cavity
What is the muscle for the bladder wall?
Detrusor mm
What type of epithelium makes up the UB?
Transitional
Define the urethra
The urine passageway
True/False: the external urethral orifice is present in females
False
What suspends the UB ?
R/L lateral ligaments and the single median l.
What are the remanants of the umbilical artery?
Lateral ligaments
What is the remnant of the Urachus?
Median ligament
What did the urachus do in the fetus?
Connect the bladder to the bellybutton
What is the main arterial supply for the genitals?
Internal pudendal
In the female, which artery comes off internal pudendal?
Vaginal
In the male, which artery comes off internal pudendal?
Prostatic a
What is the branch of the aorta that supplies the UB directly?
Cranial vesicle a
True/False: the urinary tract is supplies both autonomically and somatically.
True
Which nerve contains the pre ganglionic axons?
Pelvic n
If the pelvic is parasympathetic, what does it do to the detrusor mm and the urethral sphincter?
Contracts detrusor and relaxes urethral smooth muscle
Which nerve provides post-ganglionic and sympathetic innervation of the urinary tract?
Hypogastric nerve
Storing urine takes part through which innervation?
Sympathetic - detrusor relaxes
The somatic innervation of the urethralis is the __________ n.
Pudendal n
List some functions of the excretory system
-conserve water and electrolytes
- maintain acid/base balance
- metabolic waste elimination
The kidney parenchyma is made of what?
Cortex and medullary rays
What makes up the corpuscle in the nephron?
Glomerulus and capsule
List the 4 tubules of the nephron
- proximal
- intermediate
- distal
- collecting duct
What is the fxn of the glomerulus?
Filtration
Which cells of the glomerulus act as structural support?
Podocytes
Are capillaries in the glomerulus fenestrated or sinusoidal?
Fenestrated
What are the cells that are considered phagocytic in the glomerulus?
Mesangial
What part of the kidney is responsible for regulating blood pressure via the RAAS system?
Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
What is the RAAS system?
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Which cells regulate renal blood flow ?
Extraglomerular mesangial cells
Describe what Angiotensin II does
Vasoconstrictor, synthesize and release aldosterone
What stimulates RBC production in Kidneys?
Erythropoietin (EPO)
What produces EPO in response to O2?
Cortical peritubular interstitial cells
What type of epithelium is present in the distal nephron tubules?
Simple cuboidal
What increases kidney medullary interstition osmolality?
Countercurrent multiplier system
What are the 3 layers of the excretory system?
- umbrella
- intermediate
- basal
Define Uroplakins
Crystalline protein covering the luminal surface of umbrellas cells
Where does E. Coli adhere to ?
Uroplakins
