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FF2 Exam 1 > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the urinary pathway

A
  • kidneys to ureters to bladder to urethra to external urethral orifice
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2
Q

What is considered the upper urinary tract?

A

Kidneys and ureters

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3
Q

What is considered the urinary lower tract?

A

UB and urethra

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4
Q

Which kidney is more cranial and in contact with the liver?

A

right kidney

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5
Q

Which kidney is more pendulous and mobile?

A

Left kidney

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6
Q

What are the 2 main anatomy parts of a kidney?

A

Cortex and medulla

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7
Q

What is included in a kidney lobe?

A

Renal pyramid, cortex, renal papillae

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8
Q

In which species are the kidney lobes separate?

A

Cows

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9
Q

Describe a kidney lobe in pigs

A

Fused cortex but separate pyramids

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10
Q

What is the functional unit of a kidney?

A

Nephron

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11
Q

What part of the kidney filters blood?

A

Renal corpuscle

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12
Q

What does the Loop of Henle do?

A

Concentrate urine

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13
Q

Which structure descends into the medulla?

A

Collecting tubule

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14
Q

Into what does the renal vein drain?

A

Caudal Vena Cava

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15
Q

How do the ureters close?

A

The UB fills and puts pressure on the ureters

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16
Q

True or false: the ureters travel intramurally at some point

A

True

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17
Q

Define the trigone

A

Where the ureters empty and the urethra forms

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18
Q

What muscle is in the urethra?

A

urethralis mm

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19
Q

Which type of muscle makes up the internal muscle sphincters of the urethra?

A

Smooth

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20
Q

What are the smooth muscle tubes that are the conduits for urine from kidneys to the UB?

A

Ureters

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21
Q

Where do the ureters arise from?

A

Renal pelvis

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22
Q

In the dog, the pelvic ureter enters the _________ ligament and then the __________ ligament of the bladder

A

Broad; lateral

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23
Q

What is the urine storage structure of the body?

A

Urinary bladder

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24
Q

When the UB is full, where is it located?

A

Ventral abdominal cavity

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25
Q

What is the muscle for the bladder wall?

A

Detrusor mm

26
Q

What type of epithelium makes up the UB?

A

Transitional

27
Q

Define the urethra

A

The urine passageway

28
Q

True/False: the external urethral orifice is present in females

A

False

29
Q

What suspends the UB ?

A

R/L lateral ligaments and the single median l.

30
Q

What are the remanants of the umbilical artery?

A

Lateral ligaments

31
Q

What is the remnant of the Urachus?

A

Median ligament

32
Q

What did the urachus do in the fetus?

A

Connect the bladder to the bellybutton

33
Q

What is the main arterial supply for the genitals?

A

Internal pudendal

34
Q

In the female, which artery comes off internal pudendal?

A

Vaginal

35
Q

In the male, which artery comes off internal pudendal?

A

Prostatic a

36
Q

What is the branch of the aorta that supplies the UB directly?

A

Cranial vesicle a

37
Q

True/False: the urinary tract is supplies both autonomically and somatically.

A

True

38
Q

Which nerve contains the pre ganglionic axons?

A

Pelvic n

39
Q

If the pelvic is parasympathetic, what does it do to the detrusor mm and the urethral sphincter?

A

Contracts detrusor and relaxes urethral smooth muscle

40
Q

Which nerve provides post-ganglionic and sympathetic innervation of the urinary tract?

A

Hypogastric nerve

41
Q

Storing urine takes part through which innervation?

A

Sympathetic - detrusor relaxes

42
Q

The somatic innervation of the urethralis is the __________ n.

A

Pudendal n

43
Q

List some functions of the excretory system

A

-conserve water and electrolytes
- maintain acid/base balance
- metabolic waste elimination

44
Q

The kidney parenchyma is made of what?

A

Cortex and medullary rays

45
Q

What makes up the corpuscle in the nephron?

A

Glomerulus and capsule

46
Q

List the 4 tubules of the nephron

A
  • proximal
  • intermediate
  • distal
  • collecting duct
47
Q

What is the fxn of the glomerulus?

A

Filtration

48
Q

Which cells of the glomerulus act as structural support?

A

Podocytes

49
Q

Are capillaries in the glomerulus fenestrated or sinusoidal?

A

Fenestrated

50
Q

What are the cells that are considered phagocytic in the glomerulus?

A

Mesangial

51
Q

What part of the kidney is responsible for regulating blood pressure via the RAAS system?

A

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus

52
Q

What is the RAAS system?

A

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

53
Q

Which cells regulate renal blood flow ?

A

Extraglomerular mesangial cells

54
Q

Describe what Angiotensin II does

A

Vasoconstrictor, synthesize and release aldosterone

55
Q

What stimulates RBC production in Kidneys?

A

Erythropoietin (EPO)

56
Q

What produces EPO in response to O2?

A

Cortical peritubular interstitial cells

57
Q

What type of epithelium is present in the distal nephron tubules?

A

Simple cuboidal

58
Q

What increases kidney medullary interstition osmolality?

A

Countercurrent multiplier system

59
Q

What are the 3 layers of the excretory system?

A
  • umbrella
  • intermediate
  • basal
60
Q

Define Uroplakins

A

Crystalline protein covering the luminal surface of umbrellas cells

61
Q

Where does E. Coli adhere to ?

A

Uroplakins

FF2 Exam 1 (6 decks)

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