Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards
What are 2 anatomical components of the PNS?
ganglia and nerves
What are the 2 divisions of the afferent part of the PNS?
- Somatosensory
- Special sensory
Which division of the motor aspect of the PNS regulates blood vessels, glands and organs?
Autonomic or visceral?
Sympathetic is _______________(catabolic/anabolic)
Catabolic (increases contraction)
Where are the cell bodies located in the spinal cord?
Intermediolateral grey column
The anabolic ANS is described as ____________.
Parasympathetic
Which flow is in the sympathetic ANS?
Thoracolumbar flow
The craniosacral flow involves which cranial and sacral nerves?
Cranial: X (vagus)
Sacral: pelvic
Which neurotransmitter is in the parasympathetic ANS?
ACh
NE/E is part of which ANS division?
Sympathethic
What is the relay station outside of CNS?
A ganglion
Which axons are longer in the sympathetic ANS? (Pre/Post)
Post-ganglionic
Which axons release ACh in the sympathetic ANS?
Pre-ganglionic
What are the catecholamines?
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
List the neurotransmitter released by pre and the post ganglionic axons in the parasympathetic NS
Both release ACh
Define the limits of the vagosympathetic trunk
C1-C4
What CN are involved in the craniosacral flow of the vagosympathetic trunk?
CN 3, 7, 9, 10
What CN are involved in the craniosacral flow of the vagosympathetic trunk?
CN 3, 7, 9, 10
List the 3 structures involved in the sympathetic NS ?
- vertebral n
- hypogastric n
- pelvic plexus
What is the type of response that ACh is related to?
Cholinergenic
What is the enzyme that breaks down ACh and where does it do it?
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) at the synaptic cleft
List the 2 receptors that bind ACh
- Nicotinic
- Muscarinic
Describe the Nicotinic receptor (type, locations)
- somatic and ionotropic
- muscles in the NMJ
Which ACh receptor is autonomic, metabotropic and innervates glands?
Muscarinic
Which Muscarinic receptor is in sweat /salivary glands?
M1
ACh M2 Receptor is located in __________
The heart
Which M ACh receptor is in the sphincters and GIT?
M3
What are 2 ways that one can regulate the activity of ACh?
- Clear AChE
- Internalize the cholinergenic receptors
List 3 types of substances that can target the cholinergenic receptor
- agonist
- antagonist
- Synergistic (assists activation)
Neostigme is an example of and what does it treat
AChE inhibitor - muscle strengthener
Tx for myasthenia gravis
What can block ACh release that causes flaccid paralysis?
Botulinum toxins
What can Turbocurarine do ?
Block NMJ receptors (myorelaxant)
Give an example of a Muscarinic receptor antagonist
Atropine
What can atropine treat?
Glaucoma
What are the 3 receptor types that Norepinephrine ?
- alpha - 1
- alpha -2
- Beta
What type of receptor are the NE ?
GCPR
Are NE receptors post or pre ganglionic?
Post
Are NE receptors post or pre ganglionic?
Post
Is NE short or half life?
Long Half life
Is epinephrine short or long half life?
Short
What are the 2 enzymes that break down monoamine oxidase?
- Monoamine oxidase (MOA)
- Catechol-O-methyl transferase
Which NE enzyme is located in the synaptic cleft?
MAO
Where is COMT (NE enzyme) located?
Pre - synaptic ganglion (axons)
