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FF2 Exam 1 > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 main components of the digestive tract?

A

Digestive tract and associated glands

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2
Q

Describe the functions of the digestive system

A

Digestion, Resorption, Excretion

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3
Q

List 5 parts of the Digestive system

A
  • pharyngeal cavity
  • esophagus
  • stomach
  • intestine
  • liver
  • pancreas
  • salivary glands
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4
Q

What is the future epithelial lining of the digestive tract?

A

entoderm

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5
Q

What is the coelomic cavity?

A

The future peritoneal cavity

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6
Q

What determines the position of the digestive tract?

A

Fetal development

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7
Q

List the 5 layers of a organ wall

A
  • T. Mucosa
  • T. Submucosa
  • T. Muscularis
  • T. Subserosa
  • T. Serosa
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8
Q

What are the 3 types of peritoneum in the peritoneal cavity?

A
  • Parietal
  • Visceral
  • Intermediate
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9
Q

Name the peritoneum that attaches the liver to the body wall

A

Falciform ligament

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10
Q

Which direction does the stomach rotate in the embryo?

A

Counter Clockwise

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11
Q

What is the function of the mesentery?

A

Carry vessels and nerves to organs

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12
Q

Give examples of mesentery based on their attachment

A
  • Mesoduodenum
  • mesojejunum
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13
Q

The dorsal mesogastrium makes up what 4 parts

A
  • Greater omentum
  • omental bursa
  • omental cavity
  • epiploic foramen
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14
Q

The ventral mesogastrium makes up what 2 parts

A
  • Lesser omentum
  • Falciform ligament
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15
Q

The deep leaf, free edge and superficial wall make up what structure in the abdomen?

A

The omental bursa / epiploon

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16
Q

The entrance to thee omental bursa is the ______________

A

Epiploic foramen

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17
Q

Describe the function of the stomach

A

temporary food storage

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18
Q

What is the term used for the stomach’s function in feeding the young?

A

Social function

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19
Q

When the stomach is full, what does it occupy?

A

Left half of the abdominal cavity and pelvic inlet

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20
Q

List the 5 regions of the stomach

A
  • cardia
  • fundus
  • body
  • pyloric part
  • lesser/ greater tubercle
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21
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the duodenum?

A
  • cranial, descending, ascending
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22
Q

Describe the cecum

A

Blind pouch; corkscrew shaped

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23
Q

Ascending, transverse and descending describes what part of the intestine

A

Colon

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24
Q

List the SI parts

A
  • Duodenum
  • Jejunum
  • Illeum
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25
Q

What are the parts of the LI?

A
  • Cecum
  • Colon
  • Rectum
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26
Q

Where are lymph follicles only located in the intestine in mammals ?

A

Ileum

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27
Q

What is a key histophysiological feature of a mammal SI?

A

intestinal villi

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28
Q

Where do all single abdominal organs drain venous blood into?

A

Portal vein`

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29
Q

Where do paired organs drain venous blood?

A

Caudal Vena Cava

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30
Q

Blood supply to the stomach is seen as?

A

Redundant supply

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31
Q

What is the clinical significance of gastric arteries?

A

When doing a splenectomy, one should lígate as close to the splenic Hylus as possible to keep the gastric arteries that supply the greater curvature of the stomach

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32
Q

List and describe the 2 digestive system types that exist

A
  • Polygastric (more than 1 stomach compartment)
  • Monogastric ( single chambered stomach)
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33
Q

List and describe the 2 digestive system types that exist

A
  • Polygastric (more than 1 stomach compartment)
  • Monogastric ( single chambered stomach)
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34
Q

What is the main difference between polygastric and monogastric digestion?

A

Polygastrics can digest cellulose very effectively compared to monogastrics

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35
Q

The polymer that is described as repeated glucose units linked via B 1,4 linkages is:

A

Cellulose

36
Q

Which enzyme is made by gut bacteria in herbivores?

A

Cellulase

37
Q

What is broken down by amylase?

A

Starch

38
Q

What is aided by mucosa specialization and smooth muscle movement of the GIT?

A

Digestion

39
Q

The GIT can be described as “________” to “__________”

A

Mouth to anus

40
Q

Describe in order the alimentary canal

A

oral cavity
Pharynx
Esophagus
SI
LI

41
Q

The teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder and pancreas are classified as ?

A

Accessory Digestive Organs

42
Q

What is a term that can be used for abdominal organs of digestion?

A

Visceral organs

43
Q

Describe the functions of the system

A
  • digestion: hydrolyzed into monomers
  • Absorption: monomers pass through SI inner mucosa
  • Motility: movement through tract
  • secretion: exocrine and endocrine
  • Storage/elimination
44
Q

4 parts to Motility are:

A

Ingestion
Mastication
Deglutition (swallowing)
Peristalsis

45
Q

Define zymogens

A

Inactive enzymes

46
Q

Where are the active digestive enzymes located?

A

Within the GIT lumen

47
Q

What prevents leakage into the SI wall?

A

tight junctions of mucosa epithelial cells

48
Q

What is considered the “Second brain”?

A

The enteric NS / Intrinsic NS

49
Q

What does the ENS regulate?

A

The digestive system (coordinate GI mov, dig, absorb, control appetite, Intergrity of mucosal, maintainence)

50
Q

Where is the ENS system located?

A

Submucosal plexus and Myenteric

51
Q

Which plexus regulates enzymes and blood flow in the ENS?

A

Submucosal plexus (Meisnners)

52
Q

True or False : The ENS can operate autonomously

A

True

53
Q

Efferent, afferent, and interneurons make up (extrinsic or intrinsic) innervation to the GIT?

A

Intrinsic

54
Q

The para and sympathetic system innervation type is (extrinsic or intrinsic)?

A

Extrinsic

55
Q

The parasympathetic NS (increases/decreases) GIT motility.

A

Increases

56
Q

The sympathetic NS (increases/decreases) GIT motility.

A

Decreases

57
Q

What does the duodenum secrete?

A

Secretins

58
Q

What hormone stimulates the pancreatic duct to secrete bicarbonate and water?

A

Secretin

59
Q

What is secreted by the stomach to stimulate cells?

A

Gastric

60
Q

List the gastric cells and what they secrete

A
  • Parietal = HCl
  • Chief = Pepsinogen
61
Q

What is secreted by the SI that stimulates the gallbladder?

A

Cholecystokinin

62
Q

Which enzyme is released that inhibits insulin production?

A

Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (GIP)

63
Q

Which enzyme stimulates pancreatic islets to produce insulin?

A

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)

64
Q

What is the largest lymphoid organ in the body?

A

GIT

65
Q

What are the 2 accessory organs of the GI?

A

Liver and Pancreas

66
Q

Describe the functions of the liver

A

The detox center and bile production

67
Q

List the 6 liver lobes

A

-left and right lateral
- left and right medial
- quadrate
- caudate

68
Q

Between which two lobes of the liver does the GB lie?

A

R medial and quadrate

69
Q

What anchors the liver to the diaphragm?

A

Triangular ligament

70
Q

What is the nutritive blood supply to the liver?

A

The Hepatic portal vein

71
Q

What structure drains the liver?

A

Hepatic artery

72
Q

What structure encircles the venous structures of the liver?

A

Coronary ligament

73
Q

What is the name of the enclosure where the arteries, veins, GB and bile duct come out off the liver?

A

Porta Hepatis

74
Q

What is the function of the gallbladder?

A

Store the bile produced by the liver

75
Q

What is the duct called at the neck of the Gallbladder?

A

Cystic duct

76
Q

What are the GB ducts that drain the liver lobes?

A

Hepatic ducts

77
Q

What GB duct empties into the duodenum?

A

Bile duct

78
Q

What layer encircles the bile duct?

A

T. Muscularis

79
Q

What duct opens with the bile duct at the major duodenal papillae?

A

Pancreatic duct

80
Q

A liver lobule is described as:

A

Hepatocytes around a central vein

81
Q

2 liver lobules make up an _____________

A

Acinus

82
Q

Describe the function of the pancreas

A

Produce digestive enzymes and hormones

83
Q

What is the main duct of the pancreas in the dog?

A

The accessory duct

84
Q

What are the exocrine parts of the pancreas?

A

Zymogens and acinar cells

85
Q

list the 3 endocrine cells of the pancreas and their secretion

A
  • alpha: glucagon
  • beta: insulin
  • delta: somatostatin
86
Q

What does insulin do?

A

Stimulates glucose uptake

FF2 Exam 1 (6 decks)

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