Cardiovascular Physiology Flashcards
Who first proved that the heart pumped blood into circulatory system and when?
1628 - William Harvey
What is the main function of the CVS?
Transport
Why is the circulatory rate normally regulated by peripheral- vascular factors?
Because it is positively pressured (heart fills passively)
What does blood flow depend on?
- Vascular resistance
-System compliance
An increase in vascular resistance may cause what?
Hypertension
Compare ventricular capacity with diastolic filling volume
Ventricular capacity exceeds diastolic filling volume
Diastolic filling volume is defined as
The amount of blood that the ventricles hold before contracting
What percent of BW is the heart?
0.75%
The right pump of the heart receives what blood?
Deoxygenated
Which valve is between the right atrium and right ventricle?
Tricuspid
Which blood vessel supplies the blood to the right atrium?
Vena Cava
Which blood vessel comes out of the right ventricle?
Pulmonary a.
Oxygenate blood is received by which side of the heart?
Left side
Which valve is between the left atrium and ventricle? q
Mitral valve
Which blood vessel brings blood to the left side of the heart?
Pulmonary vein
The left ventricle supplies blood to the body through which blood vessel?
Aorta
Where is the CVS located?
Within the thoracic cavity in the mediastinum
List the 3 functional components of the CVS
- Myocardium
- Conduction system
- Nerve supply
The nervous system regulation of the heart is described as?
Intrinsic conduction system
Which percent of cardiac muscles are autorythmic?
1%
Ventricular contraction only proceeds with the activation of which node?
Sino-atrial (SA) node
What is the function for the intrinsic conduction system?
Initiate and distribute impulses for heart to depolarize and contract in an orderly manner
List the 5 steps of an impulse in the heart
- SA node
- AV node
- Bundle of His
- Bundle branches
- Purkinje fibers
What is the only artery of the body that carries deoxygenated blood?
Pulmonary artery
In an ECGm, what does the QRS complex represent?
Ventricle contraction
What is the letter that represents atrium contraction in the ECG?
P wave
In an ECG, depolarization (ventricle relaxation) is represented by which letter?
T
In an ECG, depolarization (ventricle relaxation) is represented by which letter?
T
List 3 things the Sympathetic NS can do in the CVS
- Increase SA node firing, conduction velocity (AV Node), and contraction force
List 3 things the Parasympathetic NS can do to the CVS
- decrease firing and conduction velocity
- increase K permeability (more negative-hyperpolarizes)
Cardiovascular dysfunction can be ?
Congenital or acquired
Describe Primary CV dysfunction
A direct disturbance to the CVS such as myocarditis
What type of CV dysfunction is described as complications out of the system that affect the CVS itself? An example is a severe burn or diarrhea
Secondary CV Dysfunction
What type of CV dysfunction is described as complications out of the system that affect the CVS itself? An example is a severe burn or diarrhea
Secondary CV Dysfunction
Describe the systemic path of circulation
- pulmonary vein
- left atrium
- mitral valve
- left ventricle
- aorta
Systemic circulation is categorized as (high/low) Pressure
High (70-105 mmHg)
Systemic circulation is categorized as (high/low) Pressure
High (70-105 mmHg)
Which circulation carries oxygenated blood to the organs?
Systemic
What is the function of pulmonary circulation?
Carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs and return it to the heart
Which circulation goes from RA to RV to lungs to pulmonary vein?
Pulmonary
What is the approximate pressure in the pulmonary circulation?
10-22 mmHg
Describe the blood distribution in central circulation vs systemic in percentages
Central circulation - 25%
Systemic circulation - 75%
Define cardiac output
Volume of blood pumped per minute by the left ventricle
In which system is there more blood, artery or venous?
Venous system
What are some substance transported by the CVS?
Metabolic substrates (O2, AA, glucose, FA)
List the 2 types of transport
- Bulk flow
- Diffusion
Which type of blood flow is from heart to body parts and characterized as rapid?
Bulk flow
Define diffusion
Substances move across blood vessels from bloodstream into interstitial fluid ; passive
What is the source of energy for diffusion?
Concentration difference between capillaries and interstitial spaces
Define blood
Suspension of cells in liquid
Carrying oxygen from lungs to cells, supplying nutrients to cells and transport is the function of which connective tissue?
Blood
What can blood regulate?
Body temp, pH, volume
What is the extracellular liquid of blood that contains H2O, proteins, hormones and nutrients called?
Plasma
Define serum
Liquid portion upon coagulation`
The percent of formed elements is the ______________
Hematocrit (RBCs volume)
The percent of formed elements is the ______________
Hematocrit (RBCs volume)
Define perfusion
The difference between 2 parts of a blood vessel
Define transmural pressure
Difference in pressure inside and outside of a vessel
