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FF2 Exam 1 > Cardiovascular Physiology > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Who first proved that the heart pumped blood into circulatory system and when?

A

1628 - William Harvey

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2
Q

What is the main function of the CVS?

A

Transport

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3
Q

Why is the circulatory rate normally regulated by peripheral- vascular factors?

A

Because it is positively pressured (heart fills passively)

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4
Q

What does blood flow depend on?

A
  • Vascular resistance
    -System compliance
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5
Q

An increase in vascular resistance may cause what?

A

Hypertension

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6
Q

Compare ventricular capacity with diastolic filling volume

A

Ventricular capacity exceeds diastolic filling volume

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7
Q

Diastolic filling volume is defined as

A

The amount of blood that the ventricles hold before contracting

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8
Q

What percent of BW is the heart?

A

0.75%

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9
Q

The right pump of the heart receives what blood?

A

Deoxygenated

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10
Q

Which valve is between the right atrium and right ventricle?

A

Tricuspid

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11
Q

Which blood vessel supplies the blood to the right atrium?

A

Vena Cava

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12
Q

Which blood vessel comes out of the right ventricle?

A

Pulmonary a.

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13
Q

Oxygenate blood is received by which side of the heart?

A

Left side

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14
Q

Which valve is between the left atrium and ventricle? q

A

Mitral valve

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15
Q

Which blood vessel brings blood to the left side of the heart?

A

Pulmonary vein

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16
Q

The left ventricle supplies blood to the body through which blood vessel?

A

Aorta

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17
Q

Where is the CVS located?

A

Within the thoracic cavity in the mediastinum

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18
Q

List the 3 functional components of the CVS

A
  • Myocardium
  • Conduction system
  • Nerve supply
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19
Q

The nervous system regulation of the heart is described as?

A

Intrinsic conduction system

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20
Q

Which percent of cardiac muscles are autorythmic?

A

1%

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21
Q

Ventricular contraction only proceeds with the activation of which node?

A

Sino-atrial (SA) node

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22
Q

What is the function for the intrinsic conduction system?

A

Initiate and distribute impulses for heart to depolarize and contract in an orderly manner

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23
Q

List the 5 steps of an impulse in the heart

A
  • SA node
  • AV node
  • Bundle of His
  • Bundle branches
  • Purkinje fibers
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24
Q

What is the only artery of the body that carries deoxygenated blood?

A

Pulmonary artery

25
Q

In an ECGm, what does the QRS complex represent?

A

Ventricle contraction

26
Q

What is the letter that represents atrium contraction in the ECG?

A

P wave

27
Q

In an ECG, depolarization (ventricle relaxation) is represented by which letter?

A

T

28
Q

In an ECG, depolarization (ventricle relaxation) is represented by which letter?

A

T

29
Q

List 3 things the Sympathetic NS can do in the CVS

A
  • Increase SA node firing, conduction velocity (AV Node), and contraction force
30
Q

List 3 things the Parasympathetic NS can do to the CVS

A
  • decrease firing and conduction velocity
  • increase K permeability (more negative-hyperpolarizes)
31
Q

Cardiovascular dysfunction can be ?

A

Congenital or acquired

32
Q

Describe Primary CV dysfunction

A

A direct disturbance to the CVS such as myocarditis

33
Q

What type of CV dysfunction is described as complications out of the system that affect the CVS itself? An example is a severe burn or diarrhea

A

Secondary CV Dysfunction

34
Q

What type of CV dysfunction is described as complications out of the system that affect the CVS itself? An example is a severe burn or diarrhea

A

Secondary CV Dysfunction

35
Q

Describe the systemic path of circulation

A
  • pulmonary vein
  • left atrium
  • mitral valve
  • left ventricle
  • aorta
36
Q

Systemic circulation is categorized as (high/low) Pressure

A

High (70-105 mmHg)

37
Q

Systemic circulation is categorized as (high/low) Pressure

A

High (70-105 mmHg)

38
Q

Which circulation carries oxygenated blood to the organs?

A

Systemic

39
Q

What is the function of pulmonary circulation?

A

Carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs and return it to the heart

40
Q

Which circulation goes from RA to RV to lungs to pulmonary vein?

A

Pulmonary

41
Q

What is the approximate pressure in the pulmonary circulation?

A

10-22 mmHg

42
Q

Describe the blood distribution in central circulation vs systemic in percentages

A

Central circulation - 25%
Systemic circulation - 75%

43
Q

Define cardiac output

A

Volume of blood pumped per minute by the left ventricle

44
Q

In which system is there more blood, artery or venous?

A

Venous system

45
Q

What are some substance transported by the CVS?

A

Metabolic substrates (O2, AA, glucose, FA)

46
Q

List the 2 types of transport

A
  • Bulk flow
  • Diffusion
47
Q

Which type of blood flow is from heart to body parts and characterized as rapid?

A

Bulk flow

48
Q

Define diffusion

A

Substances move across blood vessels from bloodstream into interstitial fluid ; passive

49
Q

What is the source of energy for diffusion?

A

Concentration difference between capillaries and interstitial spaces

50
Q

Define blood

A

Suspension of cells in liquid

51
Q

Carrying oxygen from lungs to cells, supplying nutrients to cells and transport is the function of which connective tissue?

A

Blood

52
Q

What can blood regulate?

A

Body temp, pH, volume

53
Q

What is the extracellular liquid of blood that contains H2O, proteins, hormones and nutrients called?

A

Plasma

54
Q

Define serum

A

Liquid portion upon coagulation`

55
Q

The percent of formed elements is the ______________

A

Hematocrit (RBCs volume)

56
Q

The percent of formed elements is the ______________

A

Hematocrit (RBCs volume)

57
Q

Define perfusion

A

The difference between 2 parts of a blood vessel

58
Q

Define transmural pressure

A

Difference in pressure inside and outside of a vessel

FF2 Exam 1 (6 decks)

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