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FF2 Exam 1 > Respiratory System + Histophysiology > Flashcards

Respiratory System + Histophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

List the pathway of Respiration (8)

A
  • Nares
  • Nasal Vestibule
  • Nasal Cavity
  • Nasopharynx
  • Laryngopharynx
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Lungs
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2
Q

What are the limits of the nasal vestibule?

A

Nares to nasal aperture

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3
Q

___________ is from the nasal aperture to choanae, with left and right ones divided by the nasal septum

A

Nasal cavity

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4
Q

What is the choanae?

A

end of the hard palate

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5
Q

The space dorsal to the soft palate is ____________

A

Nasopharynx

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6
Q

What is the laryngopharynx?

A

Space dorsal to larynx at end of soft palate

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7
Q

Describe the larynx and its purpose

A

The voice box. It dilates the airway (during respiration) and prevents food from entering it (swallowing)

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8
Q

What makes up the upper respiratory tract?

A

Nares, nasal vestibule, nasal cavity, Nasopharynx, laryngopharynx, larynx

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9
Q

What makes up the lower respiratory tract?

A

Trachea and lungs

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10
Q

Define the carina

A

Wedge-like cranial projection where trachea splits

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11
Q

What is the main conjugate of the airway?

A

Trachea/windpipe

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12
Q

List in order from trachea to lungs the structures

A

Trachea
Primary bronchi
Secondary bronchi
Tertiary bronchi
Terminal bronchioles
Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Alveolar sacs
Alveoli

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13
Q

Which structure connects the trachea to the larynx?

A

Cricotracheal ligament

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14
Q

What structures expand the dorsal part of the trachea?

A

Tracheal rings

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15
Q

In mammal, what muscle opens the tracheal rings dorsally and span them?

A

Trachealis mm

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16
Q

What structure connects the tracheal rings to each other?

A

Annular ligaments

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17
Q

Into which parts is the trachea divided?

A

Cervical and thoracic

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18
Q

The LRT is divided into what 2 zones:

A

Conducting and respiratory zones

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19
Q

What are the parts of the conducting zone?

A

Trachea, primary/secondary/tertiary bronchi, terminal bronchioles

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20
Q

The tertiary bronchi are defined as?

A

Sections of bronchi that course towards lobe sections

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21
Q

What is the most distal segment of the conducting portion of the conducting zone?

A

Terminal bronchioles

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22
Q

The respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts/sacs and alveoli make up which LRT zone?

A

Exchange Zone

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23
Q

What are the lungs divided into?

A

Lobes

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24
Q

Define the pulmonary ligaments

A

Reflections of serosa connecting caudal lungs to dorsal body wall

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25
Q

What is the functional blood supply of the lungs?

A

Pulmonary arteries and veins

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26
Q

Which type of blood supply brings deoxygenated blood to the lungs?

A

Functional

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27
Q

Broncoesophageal arteries and veins make up what blood supply of the lungs?

A

Nutritive blood suppluy

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28
Q

What is required for respiration to occur?

A

An intact pleural cavity

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29
Q

What creates a negative pressure inside the lung tissue?

A

Muscular contractions outside of pleural cavity

30
Q

Pressure normalization is done by?

A

Expiration (passively)

31
Q

What does the diaphragm does when it contracts?

A

It pulls the parietal pleura and allow expansion

32
Q

Where does the functional blood supply come from the heart to the lungs ?

A

Right ventricle

33
Q

Which nerve innervates the diaphragm?

A

Phrenic nerve

34
Q

Where does the phrenic nerve originate from?

A

C5-C7

35
Q

While auscultating the lungs, it is usually performed where?

A

In the orders of the pleural cavities

36
Q

What is the function of the respiratory system?

A

Transport, condition and exchange gases

37
Q

Which 2 regions make up the nasal fossa?

A

Respiratory and olfactory region

38
Q

The anterior portion of the nasal cavity is the _________________

A

Vestibular region

39
Q

What is the main entrance to the respiratory system ?

A

Vestibular region

40
Q

Describe the epithelium of the vestibular region

A

Pigmented and thickened
Stratified squamous
Keratinized

41
Q

Describe the epithelium of the vestibular region

A

Pigmented and thickened
Stratified squamous
Keratinized

42
Q

Which structure lies within the nasal septum?

A

Nasal fossa

43
Q

Which structure lies within the nasal septum?

A

Nasal fossa

44
Q

Describe the function nasal fossa

A

Condition inspired air

45
Q

Which epithelium in the nasal fossa traps particles (cleanses) air?

A

Respiratory

46
Q

Which epithelium in the nasal fossa traps particles (cleanses) air?

A

Respiratory

47
Q

Goblet cells and serotonin-mucus glands do what to air?

A

Moisten it

48
Q

What warms the air in the nasal fossa?

A

Venous plexus

49
Q

What warms the air in the nasal fossa?

A

Venous plexus

50
Q

List the 3 cell types in the olfactory region of the nasal cavity

A
  • Olfactory
  • Sustentacular
  • Basal
51
Q

Olfactory cells of the nasal cavity are _______________

A

Specialized neurons

52
Q

Which cell type provides physical support of the nasal cavity?

A

Sustentacular

53
Q

Describe the epithelium in the respiratory region do the nasal cavity

A

Ciliated pseudo-stratified

54
Q

What plays an important role in trapping particles?

A

Cilia and mucus

55
Q

Where do cilia move mucus and trapped particles ?

A

From nasal cavity to pharynx

56
Q

What is the chemoreception area of the nasal cavity called?

A

Vomeronasal Organ

57
Q

What substance is identified by the VMO?

A

Pheromones

58
Q

Describe a behavioral response from the VMO

A

Flehmen response

59
Q

Describe a behavioral response from the VMO

A

Flehmen response

60
Q

The neurons in the VMO have what?

A

Microvilli

61
Q

Which part of the pharynx has respiratory epithelium?

A

Nasopharynx

62
Q

What type of epithelium does the oropharynx has?

A

Stratified squamous

63
Q

What type of cartilage is present in the larynx?

A

Hyaline and elastic

64
Q

What controls cartilage movement in the larynx?

A

Muscle (swallowing and vocalization)

65
Q

Define the epiglottis

A

Leaf-shaped cartilage that depresses during swallowing to cover the larynx

66
Q

What type of epithelium is present in the bronchioles?

A

Simple columnar or cuboidal

67
Q

Where is the site for gas exchange ?

A

Alveoli

68
Q

What decreases surface tension within the alveoli?

A

Pulmonary surfactant

69
Q

List the 2 types of cells present in alveoli

A
  • Alveolar Type I
  • Alveolar Type II
70
Q

Which alveolar cells produces pulmonary surfactant?

A

Alveolar type II

71
Q

List the 2 components of the Blood-Air Barrier

A

Type I Pneumocytes
Capillary endothelial cells

72
Q

What epithelium is visceral pleura lined by?

A

Simple cuboidal/squamous

FF2 Exam 1 (6 decks)

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