Urinary System Flashcards
What are the main parts of Urinary System?
Kidney
Ureter
Urinary bladder
Urethra
This happens in urinary system the ureters transport urine to _________________
urinary bladder
Urinary bladder stores what?
Urine
True or False
The kidneys transports urine to the outside of the body
FALSE
The URETHRA transports urine to the outside of the body.
The kidneys PRODUCE urine
Functions of Urinary System
- Excretion
- Regulate blood volume and pressure
- Regulation of the concentration of solutes in blood
- Regulation of extracellular fluid pH
- Regulation of RBC synthesis
- Vitamin D production
What are the two layers of the kidney?
Cortex & Medulla
This leads to the ureter
Renal pelvis
This is the structural and functional units of kidneys and also responsible for forming urine
Nephrons
What are the main structures of the nephrons?
Glomerulus
Renal tubule
This nephrons is located in the cortex and has 85% of total nephrons.
Cortical nephrons
This nephrons have extensive thin segments and also involved in the production of concentrated urine. ________________ nephrons are located at the cortex-medulla junction
Juxtamedullary nephrons
____________ has an outer parietal layer and an inner visceral layer consisting of podocytes.
Bowman’s capsule
True or False
The filtration membrane consists of:
- Endothelium of glomebular capillaries
- Base membrane
- Podocytes
FALSE
The filtration membrane consists of:
- Endothelium of GLOMERULAR capillaries
- BASEMENT membrane
- Podocytes
Every nephron has two capillary bed, and this are _________ and _____________
Glomerulus and Peritubular capillaries
True or False
Each glomerulus is fed by an efferent arteriole and drained by an afferent arteriole
FALSE
FED - AFFERENT
DRAINED - EFFERENT
Arterioles are high-resistance vessels is one of the reasons why the _________________ in glomerulus is high.
Blood pressure
_________ and _________ are forced out of the blood throughout the entire length of the glomerulus.
Fluids and solutes
Aside from the arterioles are high-resistance vessels, what is the other reason for a high blood pressure in the glomerulus?
Afferent arterioles have larger diameters than efferent arterioles
What are the three urine formation processes?
Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion
This contains metabolic wastes and unneeded substances.
Urine
True or False
The ureter filter the body’s entire plasma volume 70 times each day
FALSE
The KIDNEY filter the body’s entire plasma volume 60 times each day
It is the responsible for filtrate formation.
Filtration pressure
The ________________________ is the amount of filtrate produce per minute
Glomerular filtration rate
True or False
Sympathetic stimulation increases renal blood flow and afferent arteriole diameter
FALSE
Sympathetic stimulation DECREASES renal blood flow and afferent arteriole diameter
Autoregulation dampens systemic blood pressure changes by altering _________ arteriole diameter
afferent
There is a ______________ concentration gradient from the cortex to the tip of renal pyramids.
medullary
Where are the transported substances moves through?
membrane
Only Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, and some Na+ are reabsorbed via _______________________
paracellular pathways
Filtrate is reabsorbed by _________, _______________, __________________, form the nephron and collecting ducts into the peritubular capillaries and vasa recta
diffusion
facilitated diffusion
active transport
How many percent of filtrate water and NaCl reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule?
65%
The _______ limb of the loop of Henle reabsorbs 25% of filtrate NaCl
ascending
True or False
The descending limb of the loop of Henle reabsorbs 15% of filtrate NaCl
FALSE
The descending limb of the loop of Henle reabsorbs 15% of filtrate WATER
This is secreted by the posterior pituitary and inhibits diuresis. It also increases water permeability in the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts.
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
An increase in blood osmolality or a significant decrease in blood pressure stimulates ____________ ADH secretion
increased
This is produced by the kidneys, causes the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
Renin
It is converting enzyme converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II, which stimulates aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex
Angiotensin
This affects Na+ and Cl- transport in the nephron and collecting ducts by stimulating an increase in transport proteins
Aldosterone
Decrease in blood pressure results in _________ renin and aldosterone secretion, Na+ reabsorption, blood volume, and blood pressure
Increased
Vice versa if blood pressure increases the factors deacreased
It is produced by the heart when blood pressure increases and it also inhibits ADH secretion and dilates arteries and veins.
Atrial Natriuretic Hormone (ANH)
What are the walls of the ureter and urinary bladder?
Epithelium
Lamina propria
Muscular coat
Fibrous adventitia
_______________ moves urine through the ureters
Peristalsis
What is the effect of increased in osmolality or decrease in blood pressure on water intake?
Increased thirst
This is where the renal artery and nerves enter and where the renal vein, ureter, and lymphatic vessels exit the kidney.
Hilum
The hilum opens into a cavity called the _____________, which contains blood vessels, part of the system for collecting urine and adipose tissue
Renal sinus
These are a collection of tubes and ducts that transport fluid throughout the kidney and modify it into urine.
Renal pyramids
The filtration portion of the nephron is housed in the ____________
renal corpuscle
What are the three pressure that contributes to filtration pressure?
Glomerular capillary pressure
Capsular pressure
Colloid osmotic pressure
Glomerular capillary pressure minus Capsular pressure minus Colloid osmotic pressure equals to the total of ________________
Filtration pressure
