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ANAPHY LEC > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main parts of Urinary System?

A

Kidney
Ureter
Urinary bladder
Urethra

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2
Q

This happens in urinary system the ureters transport urine to _________________

A

urinary bladder

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3
Q

Urinary bladder stores what?

A

Urine

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4
Q

True or False

The kidneys transports urine to the outside of the body

A

FALSE

The URETHRA transports urine to the outside of the body.

The kidneys PRODUCE urine

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5
Q

Functions of Urinary System

A
  • Excretion
  • Regulate blood volume and pressure
  • Regulation of the concentration of solutes in blood
  • Regulation of extracellular fluid pH
  • Regulation of RBC synthesis
  • Vitamin D production
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6
Q

What are the two layers of the kidney?

A

Cortex & Medulla

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7
Q

This leads to the ureter

A

Renal pelvis

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8
Q

This is the structural and functional units of kidneys and also responsible for forming urine

A

Nephrons

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9
Q

What are the main structures of the nephrons?

A

Glomerulus
Renal tubule

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10
Q

This nephrons is located in the cortex and has 85% of total nephrons.

A

Cortical nephrons

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11
Q

This nephrons have extensive thin segments and also involved in the production of concentrated urine. ________________ nephrons are located at the cortex-medulla junction

A

Juxtamedullary nephrons

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11
Q

____________ has an outer parietal layer and an inner visceral layer consisting of podocytes.

A

Bowman’s capsule

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12
Q

True or False

The filtration membrane consists of:
- Endothelium of glomebular capillaries
- Base membrane
- Podocytes

A

FALSE

The filtration membrane consists of:
- Endothelium of GLOMERULAR capillaries
- BASEMENT membrane
- Podocytes

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13
Q

Every nephron has two capillary bed, and this are _________ and _____________

A

Glomerulus and Peritubular capillaries

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13
Q

True or False

Each glomerulus is fed by an efferent arteriole and drained by an afferent arteriole

A

FALSE

FED - AFFERENT
DRAINED - EFFERENT

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13
Q

Arterioles are high-resistance vessels is one of the reasons why the _________________ in glomerulus is high.

A

Blood pressure

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13
Q

_________ and _________ are forced out of the blood throughout the entire length of the glomerulus.

A

Fluids and solutes

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14
Q

Aside from the arterioles are high-resistance vessels, what is the other reason for a high blood pressure in the glomerulus?

A

Afferent arterioles have larger diameters than efferent arterioles

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15
Q

What are the three urine formation processes?

A

Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion

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16
Q

This contains metabolic wastes and unneeded substances.

A

Urine

17
Q

True or False

The ureter filter the body’s entire plasma volume 70 times each day

A

FALSE

The KIDNEY filter the body’s entire plasma volume 60 times each day

18
Q

It is the responsible for filtrate formation.

A

Filtration pressure

19
Q

The ________________________ is the amount of filtrate produce per minute

A

Glomerular filtration rate

20
Q

True or False

Sympathetic stimulation increases renal blood flow and afferent arteriole diameter

A

FALSE

Sympathetic stimulation DECREASES renal blood flow and afferent arteriole diameter

21
Q

Autoregulation dampens systemic blood pressure changes by altering _________ arteriole diameter

A

afferent

22
Q

There is a ______________ concentration gradient from the cortex to the tip of renal pyramids.

A

medullary

23
Q

Where are the transported substances moves through?

A

membrane

24
Q

Only Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, and some Na+ are reabsorbed via _______________________

A

paracellular pathways

25
Q

Filtrate is reabsorbed by _________, _______________, __________________, form the nephron and collecting ducts into the peritubular capillaries and vasa recta

A

diffusion
facilitated diffusion
active transport

26
Q

How many percent of filtrate water and NaCl reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule?

A

65%

27
Q

The _______ limb of the loop of Henle reabsorbs 25% of filtrate NaCl

A

ascending

28
Q

True or False

The descending limb of the loop of Henle reabsorbs 15% of filtrate NaCl

A

FALSE

The descending limb of the loop of Henle reabsorbs 15% of filtrate WATER

29
Q

This is secreted by the posterior pituitary and inhibits diuresis. It also increases water permeability in the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts.

A

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

30
Q

An increase in blood osmolality or a significant decrease in blood pressure stimulates ____________ ADH secretion

A

increased

31
Q

This is produced by the kidneys, causes the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

A

Renin

31
Q

It is converting enzyme converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II, which stimulates aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex

A

Angiotensin

32
Q

This affects Na+ and Cl- transport in the nephron and collecting ducts by stimulating an increase in transport proteins

A

Aldosterone

33
Q

Decrease in blood pressure results in _________ renin and aldosterone secretion, Na+ reabsorption, blood volume, and blood pressure

A

Increased

Vice versa if blood pressure increases the factors deacreased

34
Q

It is produced by the heart when blood pressure increases and it also inhibits ADH secretion and dilates arteries and veins.

A

Atrial Natriuretic Hormone (ANH)

35
Q

What are the walls of the ureter and urinary bladder?

A

Epithelium
Lamina propria
Muscular coat
Fibrous adventitia

36
Q

_______________ moves urine through the ureters

A

Peristalsis

37
Q

What is the effect of increased in osmolality or decrease in blood pressure on water intake?

A

Increased thirst

38
Q

This is where the renal artery and nerves enter and where the renal vein, ureter, and lymphatic vessels exit the kidney.

A

Hilum

39
Q

The hilum opens into a cavity called the _____________, which contains blood vessels, part of the system for collecting urine and adipose tissue

A

Renal sinus

39
Q

These are a collection of tubes and ducts that transport fluid throughout the kidney and modify it into urine.

A

Renal pyramids

40
Q

The filtration portion of the nephron is housed in the ____________

A

renal corpuscle

41
Q

What are the three pressure that contributes to filtration pressure?

A

Glomerular capillary pressure
Capsular pressure
Colloid osmotic pressure

42
Q

Glomerular capillary pressure minus Capsular pressure minus Colloid osmotic pressure equals to the total of ________________

A

Filtration pressure

ANAPHY LEC (10 decks)

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