Anatomical Languange and Cavities Flashcards
Standing upright, upper limbs at the sides hanging, palms facing forward, feet flat on the ground and facing forward.
Anatomical Position
Towards the upper body
Superior
towards the lower body
Inferior
Front of the body
Anterior
Surface of the body
Superficial
Back of the body
Posterior
Towards the side and away from midline
Lateral
Toward the midline
Medial
Toward the trunk/origin
Proximal
Away from the trunk
Distal
Internal/Away from the surface of the body
Deep
Lying face upward
Supine
Lying face downward
Prone
ONE side of the body
Unilateral
Involves BOTH sides of the body
Bilateral
On the SAME side of the body
Ipsilateral
On the OPPOSITE side of the body
Contralateral
Imaginary lines that helps divide the body into different section to locate bodily structures.
Body planes
It divides the body into right and left directions.
Sagittal plane
Sagittal plane that cuts in midline of the body
Midsagittal plane
Sagittal plane that have unequal cut of the body
Parasagittal plane
It divides body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) section.
Coronal/Frontal plane
It divides the body into superior and inferior sections
Transverse plane
Portions of the body created by a plane.
Body sections
Any plane perpendicular to the transverse.
Longitudinal section
Any plane that is not horizontal or vertical.
Oblique section
Cut at right angles to the long axis.
Transverse section
Body parts that parts of Central region
Head
Neck
Trunk (Thoracic, Abdominal, Pelvic)
Body parts that part of the Upper region/limbs
Arm
Forearm
Wrist
Hand
Body parts that part of Lower region/limbs
Thigh
Leg
Ankle
Foot
Subdivided into quadrants by two imaginary lines—horizontal & vertical—that intersect at the navel.
Abdomen
This is where appendix is located and the pain of acute appendicitis is felt here.
Right-lower quadrant
These are the regions of the abdomen
- Right hypochondriac region
- Epigastric region
- Left hypochondriac region
- Right lumbar region
- Umbilical region
- Left lumbar region
- Right iliac region
- Hypogastric region
- Left iliac region
It is surrounded by the rib cage and separated by the muscular diaphragm from the abdominal cavity.
Thoracic cavity
Four quadrants in abdomen
- Right-upper
- Right-lower
- Left upper
- Left lower
Median partition containing Heart, Thymus, Trachea, Esophagus, Blood vessels & nerves.
Mediastinum
It is enclosed by abdominal muscle containing stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, pancreas, and kidney.
Abdominal cavity
It’s encloses small spaces by pelvic bones and consist of urinary bladder, large intestine, and internal reproductive organs.
Pelvic cavity
Lines the trunk cavities and cover the organs within that helps to reduce friction when organs rub against each other.
Serous Membrane
The inner part that covers organs
Visceral serous membrane
The outer membrane
Parietal serous membrane
The visceral __________ covers the heart in pericardial cavity
Pericardium
In pleural cavity it is the superior surface of the diaphragm
Parietal Pleura
In pleural cavity that covers that lung
Visceral Pleura
It covers the many organs of abdominopelvic cavity.
Visceral Peritoneum
In peritoneal cavity it is the inferior surface of the diaphragm
Parietal Peritoneum
It consists of two layers of peritoneum fused together and provides pathways for nerves and blood vessels to reach organs.
Mesenteries
Attach to the body wall which does not have mesenteries and is located “behind” the parietal peritoneum.
Retroperitoneal
