Cells

Question 1

Basic unit of all living things

Answer 1

Cell

Question 2

These are the _______
- Cell metabolism and energy use
- Synthesis of molecules
- Communication
- Reproduction and inheritance

Answer 2

Functions of the cell

Question 3

Cells’ ability to recognize and communicate with each other takes place through the _____________

Answer 3

Cell membrane

Question 4

Boundary separating substances inside the cell

Answer 4

Intracellular

Question 4

These are the __________

1. Cells are complex and highly organized
2. Contains genetic blueprint and machinery to use it
3. Cells arise from the division of other cells
4. Cells can perform variety of chemical reactions

Answer 4

Properties of the cell

Question 5

The _________ consists of:

• 45–50% Lipids
• 45–50% Proteins
• 4–8% Carbohydrates
• Glycolipids
• Glycoproteins
• Glycocalyx

Answer 5

Plasma/Cell membrane

Question 6

Separating substances from the outside cell.

Answer 6

Extracellular

Question 7

Collection of glycolipids, glycoproteins, and carbohydrates on the outer surface.

Answer 7

Glycocalyx

Question 8

___ and ___ are nonpolar that why the can pass through the membrane

Answer 8

O2 and CO2

Question 9

Form a lipid bilayer

Answer 9

Phospholipids

Question 10

The TAILS of phospholipid bilayer is ______________

Answer 10

Hydrophobic (repels water)

Question 10

The HEADS of phospholipid bilayer is ________

Answer 10

Hydrophilic (attracts water)

Question 11

Penetrate deeply into the lipid bilayer.

Answer 11

Integral membrane proteins

Question 11

Plasma membrane is neither rigid nor static in structure but highly flexible.

Answer 11

Fluid-mosaic model

Question 12

Inner or outer surface of the lipid bilayer.

Answer 12

Peripheral membrane proteins

Question 13

Cell surface molecules that allow cells to identify other cells of molecules.

Answer 13

Marker molecules

Question 14

INTEGRAL PROTEINS may function as _______________

Answer 14

Attachment proteins

Question 15

Proteins that attach cells to cells

Answer 15

Cadherins

Question 16

Proteins that attach cells to extracellular molecules

Answer 16

Integrins

Question 17

Integral proteins that allow ions/molecules to move through the membrane.

Answer 17

Transport proteins

Question 18

Each transport protein binds to and transport only a certain type of molecule/ion.

Answer 18

Specificity

Question 19

Result of similar molecules binding to transport protein.

Answer 19

Competition

Question 20

Rate of movement of molecules across membrane is limited by the number of available transport proteins.

Answer 20

Saturation

Question 21

One or more integral membrane proteins arranged forming tiny channels through the membrane.

Answer 21

Channel proteins

Question 22

PISO

Answer 22

Potassium inside, Sodium outside

Question 23

Can be open or closed (limited movement)

Answer 23

Gated Ion channels

Question 24

Small molecules bind to proteins/glycoproteins.

Answer 24

Ligand-gated ion channels

Question 25

Always open and responsible for membrane’s permeability when at rest.

Answer 25

Leak Ion channels/Nongated

Question 26

Open or close when there is a change in membrane potential.

Answer 26

Voltage-Gated ion channels

Question 27

Integral membrane proteins that move ions or molecules from one side to another.

Answer 27

Carrier proteins/transporters

Question 28

Moves 1 specific ion/molecules.

Answer 28

Uniporters

Question 29

movement of 2 molecules in same direction

Answer 29

Symporters

Question 30

Movement of 2 different molecules in opposite directions.

Answer 30

Antiporters

Question 31

Binding sites for chemical signals in the extracellular fluid.

Answer 31

Receptor proteins

Question 32

Catalyze chemical reactions on either the inner or outer surface of the membrane.

Answer 32

Enzymes

Question 33

Intracellular material has a ____________ composition than the extracellular material.

Answer 33

different

Question 34

Two types of transport

Answer 34

Passive and Active Transport

Question 35

High to low concentration of SOLUTES

Answer 35

Diffusion

Question 36

Difference between two points divided by the distance between the two points.

Answer 36

Concentration gradient

Question 37

Diffusion of solvent (water) across a selectively permeable membrane from higher to lower WATER concentration

Answer 37

Osmosis

Question 38

Force required to prevent movement of water across cell membrane

Answer 38

Osmotic pressure

Question 38

Brings materials into cells using vesicles

Answer 38

Endocytosis

Question 39

Cell-eating/Engulfing large molecules

Answer 39

Phagocytosis

Question 40

Cell-drinking/Smaller molecules

Answer 40

Pinocytosis

Question 41

Secretory vesicles that accumulate materials for release outside the cell

Answer 41

Exocytosis

Question 42

Cell’s characteristics are determined by the type of ________ produced.

Answer 42

Proteins

Question 43

Process by which information stored in the genes of DNA directs protein synthesis.

Answer 43

Gene Expression

Question 44

Consist of NUCLEOTIDES joined together to form two nucleotide strands.

Answer 44

DNA (deoxyribose nucleic acid)

Question 45

DNA — RNA — PROTEIN

Answer 45

Gene expression

Question 46

- Copying DNA into mRNA - Double strand of DNA separates and forms mRNA

Answer 46

Transcription

Question 47

Utilization of mRNA to produce protein

Answer 47

Translation

Question 48

CODONS (3 nucleotide bases: ) are read by ANTICODONS (3 nucleotide bases) on ______________

Answer 48

Transfer RNA

Question 49

The longest phase in cell division

Answer 49

Interphase (G0 - G1- S - G2)

Question 50

Formation of 2 daughter cells

Answer 50

Mitosis

Question 51

This is the stage of ______________ - Chromatin condenses to form visible chromosomes - Spindle fibers assist breaking centromere between chromatids and move chromosomes to opposite sides - Nuclear membrane dissolves

Answer 51

Prophase

Question 52

Chromatids separate and call chromosomes

Answer 52

Anaphase

Question 53

Chromosomes align in the center

Answer 53

Metaphase

Question 54

Final phase

Answer 54

Telophase

Question 55

Cleavage furrow

Answer 55

Cytokinesis