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ANAPHY LEC > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Basic unit of all living things

A

Cell

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2
Q

These are the _______
- Cell metabolism and energy use
- Synthesis of molecules
- Communication
- Reproduction and inheritance

A

Functions of the cell

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3
Q

Cells’ ability to recognize and communicate with each other takes place through the _____________

A

Cell membrane

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4
Q

Boundary separating substances inside the cell

A

Intracellular

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4
Q

These are the __________

  1. Cells are complex and highly organized
  2. Contains genetic blueprint and machinery to use it
  3. Cells arise from the division of other cells
  4. Cells can perform variety of chemical reactions
A

Properties of the cell

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5
Q

The _________ consists of:

  • 45–50% Lipids
  • 45–50% Proteins
  • 4–8% Carbohydrates
  • Glycolipids
  • Glycoproteins
  • Glycocalyx
A

Plasma/Cell membrane

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6
Q

Separating substances from the outside cell.

A

Extracellular

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7
Q

Collection of glycolipids, glycoproteins, and carbohydrates on the outer surface.

A

Glycocalyx

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8
Q

___ and ___ are nonpolar that why the can pass through the membrane

A

O2 and CO2

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9
Q

Form a lipid bilayer

A

Phospholipids

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10
Q

The TAILS of phospholipid bilayer is ______________

A

Hydrophobic (repels water)

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10
Q

The HEADS of phospholipid bilayer is ________

A

Hydrophilic (attracts water)

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11
Q

Penetrate deeply into the lipid bilayer.

A

Integral membrane proteins

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11
Q

Plasma membrane is neither rigid nor static in structure but highly flexible.

A

Fluid-mosaic model

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12
Q

Inner or outer surface of the lipid bilayer.

A

Peripheral membrane proteins

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13
Q

Cell surface molecules that allow cells to identify other cells of molecules.

A

Marker molecules

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14
Q

INTEGRAL PROTEINS may function as _______________

A

Attachment proteins

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15
Q

Proteins that attach cells to cells

A

Cadherins

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16
Q

Proteins that attach cells to extracellular molecules

A

Integrins

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17
Q

Integral proteins that allow ions/molecules to move through the membrane.

A

Transport proteins

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18
Q

Each transport protein binds to and transport only a certain type of molecule/ion.

A

Specificity

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19
Q

Result of similar molecules binding to transport protein.

A

Competition

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20
Q

Rate of movement of molecules across membrane is limited by the number of available transport proteins.

A

Saturation

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21
Q

One or more integral membrane proteins arranged forming tiny channels through the membrane.

A

Channel proteins

22
Q

PISO

A

Potassium inside, Sodium outside

23
Q

Can be open or closed (limited movement)

A

Gated Ion channels

24
Q

Small molecules bind to proteins/glycoproteins.

A

Ligand-gated ion channels

25
Q

Always open and responsible for membrane’s permeability when at rest.

A

Leak Ion channels/Nongated

26
Q

Open or close when there is a change in membrane potential.

A

Voltage-Gated ion channels

27
Q

Integral membrane proteins that move ions or molecules from one side to another.

A

Carrier proteins/transporters

28
Q

Moves 1 specific ion/molecules.

A

Uniporters

29
Q

movement of 2 molecules in same direction

A

Symporters

30
Q

Movement of 2 different molecules in opposite directions.

A

Antiporters

31
Q

Binding sites for chemical signals in the extracellular fluid.

A

Receptor proteins

32
Q

Catalyze chemical reactions on either the inner or outer surface of the membrane.

A

Enzymes

33
Q

Intracellular material has a ____________ composition than the extracellular material.

A

different

34
Q

Two types of transport

A

Passive and Active Transport

35
Q

High to low concentration of SOLUTES

A

Diffusion

36
Q

Difference between two points divided by the distance between the two points.

A

Concentration gradient

37
Q

Diffusion of solvent (water) across a selectively permeable membrane from higher to lower WATER concentration

A

Osmosis

38
Q

Force required to prevent movement of water across cell membrane

A

Osmotic pressure

38
Q

Brings materials into cells using vesicles

A

Endocytosis

39
Q

Cell-eating/Engulfing large molecules

A

Phagocytosis

40
Q

Cell-drinking/Smaller molecules

A

Pinocytosis

41
Q

Secretory vesicles that accumulate materials for release outside the cell

A

Exocytosis

42
Q

Cell’s characteristics are determined by the type of ________ produced.

A

Proteins

43
Q

Process by which information stored in the genes of DNA directs protein synthesis.

A

Gene Expression

44
Q

Consist of NUCLEOTIDES joined together to form two nucleotide strands.

A

DNA (deoxyribose nucleic acid)

45
Q

DNA — RNA — PROTEIN

A

Gene expression

46
Q
  • Copying DNA into mRNA
  • Double strand of DNA separates and forms mRNA
A

Transcription

47
Q

Utilization of mRNA to produce protein

A

Translation

48
Q

CODONS (3 nucleotide bases: ) are read by ANTICODONS (3 nucleotide bases) on ______________

A

Transfer RNA

49
Q

The longest phase in cell division

A

Interphase (G0 - G1- S - G2)

50
Q

Formation of 2 daughter cells

A

Mitosis

51
Q

This is the stage of ______________

  • Chromatin condenses to form visible chromosomes
  • Spindle fibers assist breaking centromere between chromatids and move chromosomes to opposite sides
  • Nuclear membrane dissolves
A

Prophase

52
Q

Chromatids separate and call chromosomes

A

Anaphase

53
Q

Chromosomes align in the center

A

Metaphase

54
Q

Final phase

A

Telophase

55
Q

Cleavage furrow

A

Cytokinesis

ANAPHY LEC (10 decks)

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