Blood

Question 1

Matrix is liquid allowing blood cells to travel in the bloodstream

Answer 1

Blood

Question 2

Functions of Blood

Answer 2

• Transport of gases, nutrients, waste products
• Transport of processed molecules
• Transport of regulatory molecules
• Regulation of pH and osmosis
• Maintenance of body temperature
• Protects against foreign substances
• Blood clotting prevents fluid and cell loss

Question 3

Total blood is approximately ___________

Answer 3

5 liters

Question 4

The pH of blood is?

Answer 4

7.35 - 7.45

Question 5

The temperature of blood is

Answer 5

38°C

Question 6

______ is a sticky, opaque fluid with a
metallic taste

Answer 6

Blood

Question 7

Liters of blood for males

Answer 7

5-6 L

Question 8

Liters of blood for females

Answer 8

4-5 L

Question 9

These are the characteristics of _______
- 55% of total blood
- pale, yellow liquid that surrounds cells
- 91% water, 7% proteins, and 2% other

Answer 9

Plasma

Question 10

3 Plasma proteins

Answer 10

Albumin
Globulins
Fibrinogen

Question 11

This helps maintain water balance and 58% of plasma proteins

Answer 11

Albumin

Question 12

4% of plasma proteins and aids in clot formation

Answer 12

Fibrinogen

Question 13

38% of plasma and helps immune system

Answer 13

Globulins

Question 14

Blood cell production

Answer 14

Hematopoiesis

Question 15

All the formed elements of blood are derived
from a single population of cells called stem
cells, or _________________.

Answer 15

hemocytoblasts

Question 16

Activations of clotting factors result in the conversion of fibrinogen to _____

Answer 16

fibrin

Question 17

Plasma without the clotting factors

Answer 17

Serum

Question 18

This determine the type of formed element
derived from the stem cell

Answer 18

Growth factors

Question 19

Red blood cells have no nuclei or organelles and live for 100-120 days. they are also called as?

Answer 19

Erythrocytes

Question 20

What is the function of erythrocytes?

Answer 20

Transport O2 to tissues

Question 21

RED blood cell production

Answer 21

Erythropoiesis

Question 22

Platelets are also called as?

Answer 22

Thrombocytes

Question 23

Main component of erythrocytes which responsible for the cell’s red color

Answer 23

Hemoglobin

Question 24

The protein globin, made up of two alpha and two beta chains that each bound to a _______

Answer 24

heme group

[Each heme group groups bears an atom of iron, which can bind to one oxygen molecule]

Question 25

Hemoglobin that is bound to O2 (oxygenated) is ___- color

Answer 25

bright red

Question 26

Hemoglobin without the bond of O2 is ______ color

Answer 26

darker red

Question 27

What is the waste-product of hemoglobin?

Answer 27

Bilirubin

Question 28

Globin chains are broken down to ___________ and used to build new proteins

Answer 28

amino acids

Question 29

In heme, the iron is released and transported to the red bone marrow that is also used to produce new hemoglobin

Answer 29

Heme group breakdown

Question 30

Old red blood cells are removed from blood by __________________- in spleen and liver

Answer 30

macrophages

Question 31

Bilirubin is taken up by liver and released into small intestine as part of ______

Answer 31

bile

Question 32

WBC are completes cell but lacks hemoglobin

Answer 32

Leukocytes

Question 33

The functions of WBC

Answer 33

- Fight infections - Remove dead cells and debris by phagocytosis

Question 34

Type of leukocytes that contain specific and large cytoplasmic granules and include neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

Answer 34

Granulocytes

Question 35

The most common type of WBC, they are the body's bacteria slayers. It remains in blood for 10 -12 hours then move to tissues

Answer 35

Neutrophils

Question 35

This is an accumulation of dead neutrophils, cell debris and fluid at sites of infections

Answer 35

Pus

Question 36

The least common and it releases histamine and heparin that prevent the formation of clots

Answer 36

Basophils

Question 36

Having a two-lobed nucleus, and is involves in reducing inflammation and destroy parasites

Answer 36

Eosinophils

Question 37

Very small and have no specific granules

Answer 37

Agranulocytes

Question 37

Two kinds of agranulocytes

Answer 37

Monocytes and Lymphocytes

Question 38

The smallest WBC and plays a role in the immune response.

Answer 38

Lymphocytes

Question 39

Two different types of lymphocytes

Answer 39

T cells (viruses) and B cells (bacteria)

Question 40

The largest sized WBC and produce macrophages

Answer 40

Monocytes

Question 40

These are minute fragments of cells, each consisting of a small amount of cytoplasm surrounded by a cell membrane.

Answer 40

Platelets

Question 41

Platelets are produced in the red bone marrow from large cells called _________________

Answer 41

megakaryocytes

Question 42

Platelets play an important role in ____________ blood loss

Answer 42

preventing/prevents

Question 43

Blood that is lost must be replaced by production of new blood or by a ___________

Answer 43

transfusion

Question 44

In preventing blood loss, this can seal up small breaks in blood vessels

Answer 44

Platelet plugs

Question 45

An immediate but temporary constriction of blood vessel that results when smooth muscle within the wall of the blood vessel contracts.

Answer 45

Vascular spasm

Question 46

When blood vessel is severely damaged blood clotting __________ results in the formation of a clot.

Answer 46

coagulation

Question 47

1. Injury to a blood vessel causes inactive clotting factors to become activated due to exposed conn. tissue or release of thromboplastin 2. Prothrombinase (clotting factor) is formed and acts upon prothrombin 3. Prothrombin is switched to its active form thrombin 4. Thrombin activates fibrinogen into its active form fibrin 5. Fibrin forms a network that traps blood (clots)

Answer 47

Steps in Clot Formation

Question 48

Prevent clots from forming

Answer 48

Anticoagulants

Question 49

RBC membranes have _____________________ antigens on their external surfaces

Answer 49

glycoprotein

Question 50

Transfusion reactions occur when ________________ blood is infused

Answer 50

mismatched

Question 51

Universal blood donor

Answer 51

O type (specifically, O- type)

Question 52

Universal blood receptors

Answer 52

AB type (AB+)