Blood Flashcards
Matrix is liquid allowing blood cells to travel in the bloodstream
Blood
Functions of Blood
- Transport of gases, nutrients, waste products
- Transport of processed molecules
- Transport of regulatory molecules
- Regulation of pH and osmosis
- Maintenance of body temperature
- Protects against foreign substances
- Blood clotting prevents fluid and cell loss
Total blood is approximately ___________
5 liters
The pH of blood is?
7.35 - 7.45
The temperature of blood is
38°C
______ is a sticky, opaque fluid with a
metallic taste
Blood
Liters of blood for males
5-6 L
Liters of blood for females
4-5 L
These are the characteristics of _______
- 55% of total blood
- pale, yellow liquid that surrounds cells
- 91% water, 7% proteins, and 2% other
Plasma
3 Plasma proteins
Albumin
Globulins
Fibrinogen
This helps maintain water balance and 58% of plasma proteins
Albumin
4% of plasma proteins and aids in clot formation
Fibrinogen
38% of plasma and helps immune system
Globulins
Blood cell production
Hematopoiesis
All the formed elements of blood are derived
from a single population of cells called stem
cells, or _________________.
hemocytoblasts
Activations of clotting factors result in the conversion of fibrinogen to _____
fibrin
Plasma without the clotting factors
Serum
This determine the type of formed element
derived from the stem cell
Growth factors
Red blood cells have no nuclei or organelles and live for 100-120 days. they are also called as?
Erythrocytes
What is the function of erythrocytes?
Transport O2 to tissues
RED blood cell production
Erythropoiesis
Platelets are also called as?
Thrombocytes
Main component of erythrocytes which responsible for the cell’s red color
Hemoglobin
The protein globin, made up of two alpha and two beta chains that each bound to a _______
heme group
[Each heme group groups bears an atom of iron, which can bind to one oxygen molecule]
Hemoglobin that is bound to O2 (oxygenated) is ___- color
bright red
Hemoglobin without the bond of O2 is ______ color
darker red
What is the waste-product of hemoglobin?
Bilirubin
Globin chains are broken down to ___________ and used to build new proteins
amino acids
In heme, the iron is released and transported to the red bone marrow that is also used to produce new hemoglobin
Heme group breakdown
Old red blood cells are removed from blood by
__________________- in spleen and liver
macrophages
Bilirubin is taken up by liver and released into
small intestine as part of ______
bile
WBC are completes cell but lacks hemoglobin
Leukocytes
The functions of WBC
- Fight infections
- Remove dead cells and debris by phagocytosis
Type of leukocytes that contain specific and large cytoplasmic granules and include neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
Granulocytes
The most common type of WBC, they are the body’s bacteria slayers. It remains in blood for 10 -12 hours then move to tissues
Neutrophils
This is an accumulation of dead
neutrophils, cell debris and fluid at sites of
infections
Pus
The least common and it releases histamine and heparin that prevent the formation of clots
Basophils
Having a two-lobed nucleus, and is involves in reducing inflammation and destroy parasites
Eosinophils
Very small and have no specific granules
Agranulocytes
Two kinds of agranulocytes
Monocytes and Lymphocytes
The smallest WBC and plays a role in the immune response.
Lymphocytes
Two different types of lymphocytes
T cells (viruses) and B cells (bacteria)
The largest sized WBC and produce macrophages
Monocytes
These are minute fragments of cells, each
consisting of a small amount of cytoplasm
surrounded by a cell membrane.
Platelets
Platelets are produced in the red bone marrow from large cells called _________________
megakaryocytes
Platelets play an important role in ____________ blood loss
preventing/prevents
Blood that is lost must be replaced by
production of new blood or by a ___________
transfusion
In preventing blood loss, this can seal up small breaks in blood vessels
Platelet plugs
An immediate but temporary constriction of blood vessel that results when smooth muscle within the wall of the blood vessel contracts.
Vascular spasm
When blood vessel is severely damaged blood clotting __________ results in the formation of a clot.
coagulation
- Injury to a blood vessel causes inactive clotting factors to become activated due to exposed conn. tissue or release of thromboplastin
- Prothrombinase (clotting factor) is formed and acts upon prothrombin
- Prothrombin is switched to its active form thrombin
- Thrombin activates fibrinogen into its active form fibrin
- Fibrin forms a network that traps blood (clots)
Steps in Clot Formation
Prevent clots from forming
Anticoagulants
RBC membranes have _____________________ antigens on their external surfaces
glycoprotein
Transfusion reactions occur when ________________ blood is infused
mismatched
Universal blood donor
O type (specifically, O- type)
Universal blood receptors
AB type (AB+)
