Urinary System Flashcards
What describes the typical sonographic appearance of the medullary pyramids in the neonate?
Anechoic
What conditions are associated with a decrease in blood urea nitrogen? (BUN)
Liver failure, overhydration, pregnancy, smoking, and decrease in protein intake
Fusion of the ENTIRE medial aspect of BOTH kidneys is a congenital anomaly termed something tasty - what is it?
Cake kidney
What is the most common renal neoplasm identified in a patient over the age of 55? It’s not scary!
Simple renal cyst
A glomerulus is composed of what?
Blood vessels or nerve fibers ,
What structures are contained in the renal sinus?
Lymphatics, peripelvic fat, major calyces
Where are the lymphatics, peripelvic fat, and major calyces located in the kidney?
Renal sinus
What muscle is lateral to each kidney? You’ll see in a TRANSVERSUS cut
Tranversus abdominis
An an asymptomatic patient, a trigangular shaped hyperechoic focus located in the anterior renal cortex most likely represents…?
A junctional parenchymal defect
(key word is anterior)
Case Study:
A 43yo female complains of right flank pain and dysuria. A generalized swelling of the kidney is demonstrated. Medullary pyramids appear well defined. What is most likely?
Pyelonephritis - characterized by kidney swelling and prominent pyramids
Which patient position is typical for a renal biopsy procedure?
Prone (lying on tummy)
Patients w/ adult polycystic renal disease have an increased incidence of developing..?
Renal calculi
Renal calculi is more common in adult patients who have which renal disease?
Adult polycystic renal disease
RCC shows as what kind of echo texture most commonly?
Hypoechoic
Mesoblastic nephromas are more likely to occur for patients under the age of…?
1 years old
Fibromuscular hyperplasia is most commonly associated with stenosis in what renal artery?
Main renal artery
Painless hematuria is most likely associated with which condition?
RCC
Urinary stasis is most likely to cause which condition?
Nephrolithiasis
Fusion of SUPERIOR POLE of one kidney to the INFERIOR POLE of the CONTRALATERAL KIDNEY is most consistent with which congenital anomaly?
Sigmoid kidney
An image with a hyperechoic pelvis/renal pyramids, and loss of cortical structure, should demonstrate which condition?
Nephrocalcinosis (pyramids turn white)
(Nephrocalcinosis is when high deposits of salt/calcium are deposited in the kidney parenchyma and tubules)
A patient hospitalized with malaria presents with a history of proteinuria. Renal cortex appears hyperechoic, normal medulla, and kidney is enlarged. What condition?
Glomerulonephritis
(damage done to the filtering part of the kidney - glomerulus)
Glomerulonephritis is caused by what?
Immune diseases, infection, strep throat, lupous, chronic hep C, vasculitis
When vessels are seen in the cortex of the pole, it is most likely showing which vessel?
Arcuate vessels
Where do the arcuate veins travel?
Along the base of the medullary pyramids
