Catch Up (WTFs) Flashcards
Mirizzi syndrome
Mirizzi syndrome is defined as common hepatic duct obstruction caused by extrinsic compression from an impacted stone in the cystic duct or infundibulum of the gallbladder.
Caroli disease
Caroli’s disease is a rare congenital disease of the liver characterized by cystic dilation of the intrahepatic bile duct. Classic Caroli’s disease involves malformations of the biliary tract alone, whereas Caroli’s syndrome refers to the presence of associated congenital hepatic fibrosis.
Budd-Chiari syndrome
Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) is an uncommon disorder characterized by obstruction of hepatic venous outflow. The obstruction may be thrombotic or non-thrombotic anywhere along the venous course from the hepatic venules to junction of the inferior vena cava (IVC) to the right atrium.
Couinaud Syndrome
Goiter
A goiter is used to describe any enlarged thyroid gland
Superficial thrombophlebitis
Superficial thrombophlebitis is an inflammation of a vein just below the surface of the skin, which results from a blood clot.
Ascending cholangitis
Acute cholangitis, also known as ascending cholangitis, is a life-threatening condition caused by an ascending bacterial infection of the biliary tree. Choledocholithiasis is the most common cause.
Focal nodular hyperplasia
Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is a benign liver lesion that is composed of a proliferation of hyperplastic hepatocytes surrounding a central stellate scar
Klatskin tumour
Extrahepatic bile duct cancer.
Cancer that forms in the area where the left and right hepatic ducts join just outside the liver and form the common hepatic duct.
Porcelain gallbladder
Porcelain gallbladder refers to the condition in which the inner gallbladder wall is encrusted with calcium. The wall becomes brittle, hard, and often takes on a bluish hue. Other names for this condition are calcified gallbladder, calcifying cholecystitis, and cholecystopathia chronica calcarea.
Emphysematous cholecystitis
A fulminant variety of acute cholecystitis that differs in its pathology and epidemiology from cholecystitis induced by gallstones. The characteristic feature of this sinister variant of cholecystitis is the presence of gas in the lumen and wall of the gallbladder.
Gallbladder hydrops
When the gallbladder is distended with mucus, water, or clear liquid content instead of bile
WES sign
Wall, echo, shadow
Parallel channeling
The sonographic parallel-channel sign is not pathognomonic of dilatation of the biliary tree. Often, the so-called parallel channel is a hepatic artery. The differentiation between a bile duct and a hepatic artery is usually possible with good sonographic technique.
Ascariasis
A type of roundworm infection.
Tumefactive sludge
Tumefactive sludge refers to a non-mobile polypoid mass in the gallbladder that does not move despite positional change of the patient.
Strawberry gallbladder
Doctors may also call diffuse cholesterolosis “strawberry gallbladder.” The name comes from the stippled appearance of the tissue that resembles a strawberry when examined with the naked eye. Both forms typically do not cause symptoms.
Mittelschmerz
Mittelschmerz—or ovulation pain, as it is commonly known today—is a benign preovulatory lower abdominal pain that occurs midcycle (between days 7 and 24) in women
Glomerulonephritis
Glomerulonephritis is inflammation and damage to the filtering part of the kidneys (glomerulus). It can come on quickly or over a longer period of time. Toxins, metabolic wastes and excess fluid are not properly filtered into the urine. Instead, they build up in the body causing swelling and fatigue.
Cake kidney
Meckel’s diverticulum
Meckel’s diverticulum is a small outpouching extending from the wall of the intestine and located in the lower portion of the small intestine. The pouch is a remnant of tissue from the embryonic development of the digestive system.
Renal sinus lipomatosis
Renal sinus lipomatosis results from renal parenchymal atrophy, inflammation, calculous disease, aging 1, or exogenous or endogenous steroids.
Fetal lobulation (in the kidneys)
An uncommon condition that causes the surface of the kidney to appear as several lobules instead of smooth, flat and continuous
Cystic lymphangiomatosis
Cystic hygroma or lymphangioma, which is generally congenital, can occur in any part of the body, but most commonly occurs in the head and neck region [4]. Cystic lymphangiomas consist of large macrocystic lymphatic channels with protein-rich fluid.
