Gyne Flashcards by Kait Griff

Doppler waveforms of the uterine arterial flow show:

High-velocity, high-resistance pattern

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Fertilization occurs how many hours after ovulation?

24-36

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In relation to the central endometrial stripe, the endometrial echo appears hypoechogenic when?

During periovulatory stage of menstruation (late proliferative, middle of cycle)

6-11mm

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The phase of the menstrual cycle following ovulation is referred to as what phase?

Secretory phase (luteal)

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In female, testosterone is derived from?

Ovary and adrenal gland

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Measurement for a nulliparous uterus?

7 x 4 x 3cm

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What is Meigs syndrome?

Condition of ascites and hydrothroax in conjunction with a benign ovarian fibroma

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What is the isthmus in the uterus?

Junction point between cervix and uterine corpus

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Immediately after the ovum has been fertilized, it is known as what?

The zygote

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What is the lifespan of a corpus luteum cyst if no fertilization occurs?

14 days (2 weeks)

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What is the orientation of the iliac vessels to the ovaries?

Lateral

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Is a cystadenoma a functional ovarian mass?

No, therefore it is NOT a physiologic condition

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Endometrial proliferation is stimulated by which hormone?

Estrogen

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The endometrium is its thinnest at the beginning of which phase?

Proliferative phase

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In early pregnancy, how often do the normal beta-hCG levels double?

Every 48 hours

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The menstrual cycle is NOT influenced by the adrenal glands - true or false?

True

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The levator ani muscles are seen, transversely, at the same level as the…?

Vagina

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Conception will produce positive pregnancy test results in how many weeks?

1-2 weeks

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The beta-HCG levels with an ectopic pregnancy increase how?

Slowly to a point, and then plateau

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Ovulation usually occurs when the dominant follicle reaches what size?

2.5 cm

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A normal cervical length in a nulliparous woman measure what in centimeters?

2.0 - 3.0cm

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What is an arrhenoblastoma?

Androgenic tumour that secrete testosterone, causing secondary male characteristics.

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A developing follicle is called what?

Preantral follicle

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What is a corpus albicans?

When fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum regresses to a corpus albicans.

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What are theca-lutein cysts?

Bilateral cysts that correspond to hyperstimulated ovaries.

Stein-Leventhal syndrome is characterized by what?

Obesity, hirsutism, and infertility

Doppler waveforms of arterial flow in the dominant ovary in a premenopausal woman typically show what kind of pattern and velocity?

Low-velocity, low-resistance pattern

What group of muscles form the lateral pelvic sidewalls?

Obturator internus

Which hormone is responsible for inducing ovulation during the normal menstrual cycle?

Luteinizing hormone

What muscles are most frequently mistaken for enlarged ovaries?

Piriformis

What is another name for the internal iliac artery?

Hypogastric artery

What produces hCG?

Placenta

What uterus position will require two longitudinal measurements instead of one?

Retroflexed

Which hormone is mostly responsible for premenstrual symptoms and those of early pregnancy?

Proggie - progesterone

What are the main 4 symptoms of endometriosis?

Menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and cyclic pain

What is menorrhagia?

Menstrual bleeding that lasts for more than 7 days

What long bone is least likely to be affected by intrauterine growth restriction?

Clavicle

What is the best procedure to determine fetal lung maturity?

Amniocentesis

How many hours after ovulation does fertilization occur?

24-36

What formula is used to calculate the cephalic index?

BPD/OFD x 100

With normal growth during the first trimester, how much should the size of the gestational sac should increase by daily?

1 mm tiny

Stein-Leventhal syndrome is characterized by which conditions/features? (3)

Obesity, hirsutism, and infertility

Stein-Leventhal syndrome is associated with what ovarian condition?

PCOS

Naegele's rule states what?

That one can calculate a patient's clinical due date by adding 9 months plus 7 days to their LMP.

Until ovulation, a dominant follicle grows at a rate of...?

2-3 mm per day

Cerebellar length, humerus length, binocular distance, and renal length can be measured to assess what for baby?

Assessment of gestational age

What is a Krukenburg tumor?

Metastatic tumour from a GI tract primary

Under what condition will a fetus expel meconium?

They are in distress

A disorder caused by the presence of only one defective gene is termed?

Autosomal dominant

A disorder caused by the presence of only one defective gene is called autosomal _________ ?

autosomal dominant

Which anomaly will the fetal transcerebellar diameter be abnormal in?

Aneuploidy

Trisomy 18 and trisomy 21 are examples of what type of ''ploidy'?

Aneuploidy

What is aneuploidy ?

There is AN missing or AN extra chromosome (only one)

A 24 yo pt presents externally as female, but chromosome analysis reveals a 46, XC karyotype. What looks like intra-abdominal ovaries are actually testicles and the uterus is absent. What condition is this?

Testicular feminization (androgen insensitivity syndrome)(

How many chromosomes do we normally have?

XX chromosomes indicate which sex?

Female

XY chromosomes indicate which sex?

Male

The major components of a prenatal genetic testing program include what tests?

Amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling, and sonographic fetal anatomic survey

Hydatidiform mole lacks which elevated lab value due to the fact there is no fetus that would produce AFP?

MSAFP

A symptom of down syndrome is a decreased lab value of what?

MSAFP

What is acetylcholinesterase (AChE)?

An enzyme found in the central nervous system, muscle, and red blood cells

An increased value of AChE (acetylcholinesterase) indicates which abnormality?

Spina bifida (neutral tube defect)

What age range are chorionic villus sampling (CVS) procedures most commonly performed?

10-14 wks

Which procedure can be done earlier - CVS or amnio?

CVS (at 10-14 wks)

Which technique is most commonly used for CVS? (ow it hurts)

Transcervical approach

Elevated MSAFP levels are reported as in which statistical methodology?

Multiples of the median (MoM)

A triple marker screening (triple test) measures which values?

hCG, unconjugated estriol (uE3), and MSAFP levels

If MSAFP and uE3 are lower while beta-hCG is elevated, what syndrome does this suggest?

Down syndrome

What is CHARGE assocation?

Coloboma of the eye Heart defects Atresia of nasal choanae Restriction of growth/development Genital/urinary abnormalities Ear abnormalities (deafness)