Pancreas

Question 1

The pancreas head is the most inferior or superior portion of the gland?

Answer 1

Inferior

(head is down)

Question 2

The splenic artery runs along which border of the pancreas?

Answer 2

Superior border

Question 3

What are the two pancreatic ducts?

Answer 3

Duct of Wirsung, Duct of Santorini

Question 4

What artery supplies the head of the panc?

Answer 4

Gastroduodenal

Question 5

What artery supplies the tail?

Answer 5

Splenic and superior mesenteric artery

Question 6

What is an annular pancreas?

Answer 6

The head comes out and around the duodenum, which can cause stricture within the duodenum

Question 7

What cells do the exocrine function of the pancreas?

Answer 7

Acini cells

Question 8

Where are the cells that complete the endocrine function of the pancreas?

Answer 8

Islets of Langerhans

Question 9

The functional exocrine unit is responsible for what?

Answer 9

Enzyme synthesis, storage, and secretion

Question 10

What system is the exocrine portion of the pancreas controlled by?

Answer 10

The parasympathetic system (rest and digest system)

Question 11

What digestive enzymes does the pancreas create?

Answer 11

Amylase, lipase, proteases, bicarbonate

Question 12

What pancreatic hormones are created with the endocrine function?

Answer 12

Insulin, amylin, glucagon, somatostatin, polypeptide, ghrelin

Question 13

High levels of amylase may indicate what?

Answer 13

Acute pancreatitis; a blockage in the pancreas; pancreatic cancer

Question 14

High level of lipase may indicate?

Answer 14

Pancreatitis, blockage in the pancreas, kidney disease, peptic ulcer, gallbladder issue

Question 15

Cystic fibrosis may show what level for what lab value in the pancreas?

Answer 15

Low level of lipase

Question 16

What is the most echogenic organ in the body?

Answer 16

Pancreas

Question 17

What are the landmarks for the pancreas?

Answer 17

Uncinate Process - IVC and SMV
Head - IVC, CBD, GDA
Neck - portal confluence
Body - Aorta/SMA
Tail - splenic vein

Question 18

The duct of Wirsung should not measure more than what in mm?

Answer 18

2 mm

Question 19

Glucose lab values do what with tumors of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas?

Answer 19

Glucose lab values drop

Question 20

Cystadenomas are most likely located in which part of the pancreas?

Answer 20

Body and tail

Question 21

Adenocarcinomas most commonly involve which part of the pancreas?

Answer 21

The head

Question 22

Islet cell tumors are most likely located in which part of the pancreas?

Answer 22

The body and tail

Question 23

Common clinical findings associated with acute pancreatitis include what?

Answer 23

Paralytic ileus, severe epigastric pain, elevated serum lipase

Question 24

The location of the uncinate process is described as:

Answer 24

Posterior to the SMV

Question 25

The MOST COMMON complication w/ acute pancreatitis is what?

Answer 25

Pseudocyst

Question 26

Islet cells of Langerhans secrete hormones directly into what?

Answer 26

The bloodstream

Question 27

The most common cause of acute pancreatitis is?

Answer 27

Biliary disease

Question 28

Ectopic pancreatic tissue is found most commonly in which organ?

Answer 28

Stomach

Question 29

The pancreas and surrounding vascular landmarks should be examined from which level?

Answer 29

Celiac axis to below the renal veins (this is superior to the pancreas and inferior to the pancreas)

Question 30

Which pathology accounts for half of the cystic neoplasms involving the pancreas?

Answer 30

MC - microcystic cystadenoma (mostly in body and tail)

Question 31

In acute pancreatitis, which of the following lab tests remain elevated the longest?

Answer 31

Lipase

Question 32

The majority of nonfunctioning islet cell tumors are:

Answer 32

MALIGNANT - specifically, the NONFUNCTIONING islet cell tumours are

Question 33

Chronic pancreatitis appears on ultrasound as?

Answer 33

Hyperechoic pancreas with prominent pancreatic duct and multiple parenchymal calcifications

Question 34

A patient presents with a history of elevating insulin levels - with that history, what is the most likely sonographic finding?

Answer 34

Islet cell tumour (insulinoma)

Question 35

The anechoic structure located in the LATERAL portion of the pancreatic head is the?

Answer 35

CBD

Question 36

What structure is responsible for secretion of pancreatic enzymes?

Answer 36

Acinar cells Alpha and beta cells go directly into the bloodstream

Question 37

Gain setting should demonstrate the normal adult pancreas as _____ with the normal liver.

Answer 37

isoechoic

Question 38

The most anterior section of the pancreas is the?

Answer 38

BODY (move ya body forward)

Question 39

What structures should be elevated when multiple cysts are found in the pancreas? (3)

Answer 39

kidneys, liver, spleen (KLS) may signify polycystic disease, therefore those organs must be evaluated

Question 40

The leakage of pancreatic enzymes into the surrounding peritoneal space describes which condition?

Answer 40

Pseudocyst

Question 41

A cobblestone appearance is normal for a healthy pancreas - true or false?

Answer 41

True