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Generalist Exam Studying > Pancreas > Flashcards

Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

The pancreas head is the most inferior or superior portion of the gland?

A

Inferior

(head is down)

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2
Q

The splenic artery runs along which border of the pancreas?

A

Superior border

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3
Q

What are the two pancreatic ducts?

A

Duct of Wirsung, Duct of Santorini

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4
Q

What artery supplies the head of the panc?

A

Gastroduodenal

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5
Q

What artery supplies the tail?

A

Splenic and superior mesenteric artery

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6
Q

What is an annular pancreas?

A

The head comes out and around the duodenum, which can cause stricture within the duodenum

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7
Q

What cells do the exocrine function of the pancreas?

A

Acini cells

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8
Q

Where are the cells that complete the endocrine function of the pancreas?

A

Islets of Langerhans

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9
Q

The functional exocrine unit is responsible for what?

A

Enzyme synthesis, storage, and secretion

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10
Q

What system is the exocrine portion of the pancreas controlled by?

A

The parasympathetic system (rest and digest system)

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11
Q

What digestive enzymes does the pancreas create?

A

Amylase, lipase, proteases, bicarbonate

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12
Q

What pancreatic hormones are created with the endocrine function?

A

Insulin, amylin, glucagon, somatostatin, polypeptide, ghrelin

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13
Q

High levels of amylase may indicate what?

A

Acute pancreatitis; a blockage in the pancreas; pancreatic cancer

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14
Q

High level of lipase may indicate?

A

Pancreatitis, blockage in the pancreas, kidney disease, peptic ulcer, gallbladder issue

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15
Q

Cystic fibrosis may show what level for what lab value in the pancreas?

A

Low level of lipase

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16
Q

What is the most echogenic organ in the body?

A

Pancreas

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17
Q

What are the landmarks for the pancreas?

A

Uncinate Process - IVC and SMV
Head - IVC, CBD, GDA
Neck - portal confluence
Body - Aorta/SMA
Tail - splenic vein

18
Q

The duct of Wirsung should not measure more than what in mm?

A

2 mm

19
Q

Glucose lab values do what with tumors of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas?

A

Glucose lab values drop

20
Q

Cystadenomas are most likely located in which part of the pancreas?

A

Body and tail

21
Q

Adenocarcinomas most commonly involve which part of the pancreas?

A

The head

22
Q

Islet cell tumors are most likely located in which part of the pancreas?

A

The body and tail

23
Q

Common clinical findings associated with acute pancreatitis include what?

A

Paralytic ileus, severe epigastric pain, elevated serum lipase

24
Q

The location of the uncinate process is described as:

A

Posterior to the SMV

25
Q

The MOST COMMON complication w/ acute pancreatitis is what?

A

Pseudocyst

26
Q

Islet cells of Langerhans secrete hormones directly into what?

A

The bloodstream

27
Q

The most common cause of acute pancreatitis is?

A

Biliary disease

28
Q

Ectopic pancreatic tissue is found most commonly in which organ?

A

Stomach

29
Q

The pancreas and surrounding vascular landmarks should be examined from which level?

A

Celiac axis to below the renal veins (this is superior to the pancreas and inferior to the pancreas)

30
Q

Which pathology accounts for half of the cystic neoplasms involving the pancreas?

A

MC - microcystic cystadenoma (mostly in body and tail)

31
Q

In acute pancreatitis, which of the following lab tests remain elevated the longest?

A

Lipase

32
Q

The majority of nonfunctioning islet cell tumors are:

A

MALIGNANT - specifically, the NONFUNCTIONING islet cell tumours are

33
Q

Chronic pancreatitis appears on ultrasound as?

A

Hyperechoic pancreas with prominent pancreatic duct and multiple parenchymal calcifications

34
Q

A patient presents with a history of elevating insulin levels - with that history, what is the most likely sonographic finding?

A

Islet cell tumour (insulinoma)

35
Q

The anechoic structure located in the LATERAL portion of the pancreatic head is the?

A

CBD

36
Q

What structure is responsible for secretion of pancreatic enzymes?

A

Acinar cells

Alpha and beta cells go directly into the bloodstream

37
Q

Gain setting should demonstrate the normal adult pancreas as _____ with the normal liver.

A

isoechoic

38
Q

The most anterior section of the pancreas is the?

A

BODY (move ya body forward)

39
Q

What structures should be elevated when multiple cysts are found in the pancreas? (3)

A

kidneys, liver, spleen (KLS)

may signify polycystic disease, therefore those organs must be evaluated

40
Q

The leakage of pancreatic enzymes into the surrounding peritoneal space describes which condition?

A

Pseudocyst

41
Q

A cobblestone appearance is normal for a healthy pancreas - true or false?

A

True

Generalist Exam Studying (16 decks)

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