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AnaPhy > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

urinary system organs

A

two kidneys, two ureters, the urinary bladder, and the urethra

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2
Q

urine contains _____

A

excess water and ions, metabolic wastes (such as urea), and toxic substances

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3
Q

maintain important role in the maintenance of homeostasis

A

kidneys

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4
Q

functions of urinary system

A

excretion
regulation of blood volume and pressure
regulation of the concentration of solutes in the blood
regulation of extracellular fluid pH
regulation of red blood cell synthesis
regulation of vitamin D synthesis

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5
Q

bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a tightly clenched fist

A

kidney

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6
Q

layer of connective tissue that surrounds each kidney

A

renal

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7
Q

functional unit of the kidney; 1.3M each kidney

A

nephron

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8
Q

nephron consists of ______

A

renal corpuscle, a proximal convoluted tubule, a loop of Henle, and a distal convoluted tubule.

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9
Q

essential for filtering blood, removing waste products, and regulating fluid and electrolyte balance

A

kidney

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10
Q

three main steps of urine production

A

glomerular filtration
tubular reabsorption
tubular secretion

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11
Q

occurs in the glomerulus where blood is filtered

A

glomerular filtration

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12
Q

around 99 per cent of the filtrate obtained is reabsorbed by the renal tubules; achieved by active and passive transport

A

tubular reabsorption

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13
Q

through this process, the ionic, acid-base and the balance of other body fluids are maintained

A

tubular secretion

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14
Q

hormonal mechanisms

A

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) mechanism
atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) mechanism

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15
Q

regulates blood pressure, vascular tone, & resistance

A

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism

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16
Q

an enzyme secreted by cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatuses in the kidneys and acts on

A

renin

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17
Q

a plasma protein produced by the liver

A

angiotensin

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18
Q

regulates blood pressure by managing the levels of sodium & potassium in the blood

A

aldosterone

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19
Q

regulates the amount in water in the body by controlling the amount of water the kidneys reabsorb when they filter out water from the blood

A

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) mechanism

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20
Q

drugs increasing urine volume

A

diuretics:
Sodium Ion Reabsorption Inhibitors
Osmotic Diuretics
Caffeine
Alcohol

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21
Q

lowers blood pressure and controls electrolyte homeostasis

A

atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) mechanism

22
Q

small tubes that carry urine from the renal pelvis of the kidney to the posterior inferior portion of the urinary bladder

A

ureters

23
Q

hollow, muscular container that lies in the pelvic cavity just posterior to the pubic symphysis

A

urinary bladder

24
Q

tube that carries urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

A

urethra

25
Q

triangle-shaped portion of the urinary bladder located between the opening of the ureters and the opening of the urethra

A

trigone

26
Q

There is no functional internal urinary sphincter in females.

A

true

27
Q

contracts to keep semen from entering the urinary bladder during sexual intercourse . In both males and females

A

internal urinary sphincter

28
Q

activated by stretch of the urinary bladder wall

A

micturition reflex

29
Q

conducted from the urinary bladder to the spinal cord through the pelvic nerves

A

action potentials

30
Q

normally contracted as a result of stimulation from the somatic motor nervous system

A

external urinary sphincter

31
Q

key to life, and it takes up a big proportion of our body weight, typically around 60 percent

A

water

32
Q

two major compartments

A

intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid

33
Q

fluid inside cells

A

intracellular fluid

34
Q

fluid outside of cell like in the blood and in the interstitial tissue between cells.

A

extracellular fluid

35
Q

60-40-20 rule

A

60% water; 40% is intracellular fluid and 20% is extracellular fluid

36
Q

important for dissolving cations which are molecules with a positive charge, and anions which are molecules with a negative charge.

A

intracellular fluid

37
Q

major intracellular cations

A

potassium (K+) and magnesium (Mg2+)

38
Q

major anions

A

proteins and organic phosphates like ATP

39
Q

fluid compartments always maintain the same concentration of positive charges as negative ones in order to stay electrically neutral

A

principle of macroscopic electroneutrality

40
Q

extracellular fluid division

A

interstitial fluid, which is the fluid that can be found surrounding the cell
plasma, which is the aqueous portion of blood.

41
Q

requires that the intake of substances equals their elimination

A

homeostasis

42
Q

water intake is controlled by neurons in the hypothalamus, collectively called the

A

thirst center

43
Q

one of the important means of regulating extracellular fluid volume and concentration

A

thirst

44
Q

control the movement of substances across their cell membranes or the composition of their intracellular fluid

A

Ion Concentration Regulation

45
Q

the dominant ions in the extracellular fluid; excreted from the body in perspiration, or sweat

A

sodium ions

46
Q

reabsorbed by active transport in the kidneys

A

phosphate ions and sulfate ions

47
Q

occurs when the pH of the blood falls below 7.35; two types

A

acidosis; respiratory acidosis and metabolic acidosis

48
Q

occurs when the pH of the blood increases above 7.45; two types

A

alkalosis; respiratory alkalosis and metabolic alkalosis

49
Q

resist changes in the pH

A

buffers: proteins, the phosphate buffer system, and the bicarbonate buffer system

50
Q

excrete H+ in response to a decreasing blood pH, and they reabsorb H+ in response to an increasing blood pH

A

kidneys

AnaPhy (6 decks)

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