Urinary System

Question 1

urinary system organs

Answer 1

two kidneys, two ureters, the urinary bladder, and the urethra

Question 2

urine contains _____

Answer 2

excess water and ions, metabolic wastes (such as urea), and toxic substances

Question 3

maintain important role in the maintenance of homeostasis

Answer 3

kidneys

Question 4

functions of urinary system

Answer 4

excretion
regulation of blood volume and pressure
regulation of the concentration of solutes in the blood
regulation of extracellular fluid pH
regulation of red blood cell synthesis
regulation of vitamin D synthesis

Question 5

bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a tightly clenched fist

Answer 5

kidney

Question 6

layer of connective tissue that surrounds each kidney

Answer 6

renal

Question 7

functional unit of the kidney; 1.3M each kidney

Answer 7

nephron

Question 8

nephron consists of ______

Answer 8

renal corpuscle, a proximal convoluted tubule, a loop of Henle, and a distal convoluted tubule.

Question 9

essential for filtering blood, removing waste products, and regulating fluid and electrolyte balance

Answer 9

kidney

Question 10

three main steps of urine production

Answer 10

glomerular filtration
tubular reabsorption
tubular secretion

Question 11

occurs in the glomerulus where blood is filtered

Answer 11

glomerular filtration

Question 12

around 99 per cent of the filtrate obtained is reabsorbed by the renal tubules; achieved by active and passive transport

Answer 12

tubular reabsorption

Question 13

through this process, the ionic, acid-base and the balance of other body fluids are maintained

Answer 13

tubular secretion

Question 14

hormonal mechanisms

Answer 14

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) mechanism
atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) mechanism

Question 15

regulates blood pressure, vascular tone, & resistance

Answer 15

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism

Question 16

an enzyme secreted by cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatuses in the kidneys and acts on

Answer 16

renin

Question 17

a plasma protein produced by the liver

Answer 17

angiotensin

Question 18

regulates blood pressure by managing the levels of sodium & potassium in the blood

Answer 18

aldosterone

Question 19

regulates the amount in water in the body by controlling the amount of water the kidneys reabsorb when they filter out water from the blood

Answer 19

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) mechanism

Question 20

drugs increasing urine volume

Answer 20

diuretics:
Sodium Ion Reabsorption Inhibitors
Osmotic Diuretics
Caffeine
Alcohol

Question 21

lowers blood pressure and controls electrolyte homeostasis

Answer 21

atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) mechanism

Question 22

small tubes that carry urine from the renal pelvis of the kidney to the posterior inferior portion of the urinary bladder

Answer 22

ureters

Question 23

hollow, muscular container that lies in the pelvic cavity just posterior to the pubic symphysis

Answer 23

urinary bladder

Question 24

tube that carries urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

Answer 24

urethra

Question 25

triangle-shaped portion of the urinary bladder located between the opening of the ureters and the opening of the urethra

Answer 25

trigone

Question 26

There is no functional internal urinary sphincter in females.

Answer 26

true

Question 27

contracts to keep semen from entering the urinary bladder during sexual intercourse . In both males and females

Answer 27

internal urinary sphincter

Question 28

activated by stretch of the urinary bladder wall

Answer 28

micturition reflex

Question 29

conducted from the urinary bladder to the spinal cord through the pelvic nerves

Answer 29

action potentials

Question 30

normally contracted as a result of stimulation from the somatic motor nervous system

Answer 30

external urinary sphincter

Question 31

key to life, and it takes up a big proportion of our body weight, typically around 60 percent

Answer 31

water

Question 32

two major compartments

Answer 32

intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid

Question 33

fluid inside cells

Answer 33

intracellular fluid

Question 34

fluid outside of cell like in the blood and in the interstitial tissue between cells.

Answer 34

extracellular fluid

Question 35

60-40-20 rule

Answer 35

60% water; 40% is intracellular fluid and 20% is extracellular fluid

Question 36

important for dissolving cations which are molecules with a positive charge, and anions which are molecules with a negative charge.

Answer 36

intracellular fluid

Question 37

major intracellular cations

Answer 37

potassium (K+) and magnesium (Mg2+)

Question 38

major anions

Answer 38

proteins and organic phosphates like ATP

Question 39

fluid compartments always maintain the same concentration of positive charges as negative ones in order to stay electrically neutral

Answer 39

principle of macroscopic electroneutrality

Question 40

extracellular fluid division

Answer 40

interstitial fluid, which is the fluid that can be found surrounding the cell plasma, which is the aqueous portion of blood.

Question 41

requires that the intake of substances equals their elimination

Answer 41

homeostasis

Question 42

water intake is controlled by neurons in the hypothalamus, collectively called the

Answer 42

thirst center

Question 43

one of the important means of regulating extracellular fluid volume and concentration

Answer 43

thirst

Question 44

control the movement of substances across their cell membranes or the composition of their intracellular fluid

Answer 44

Ion Concentration Regulation

Question 45

the dominant ions in the extracellular fluid; excreted from the body in perspiration, or sweat

Answer 45

sodium ions

Question 46

reabsorbed by active transport in the kidneys

Answer 46

phosphate ions and sulfate ions

Question 47

occurs when the pH of the blood falls below 7.35; two types

Answer 47

acidosis; respiratory acidosis and metabolic acidosis

Question 48

occurs when the pH of the blood increases above 7.45; two types

Answer 48

alkalosis; respiratory alkalosis and metabolic alkalosis

Question 49

resist changes in the pH

Answer 49

buffers: proteins, the phosphate buffer system, and the bicarbonate buffer system

Question 50

excrete H+ in response to a decreasing blood pH, and they reabsorb H+ in response to an increasing blood pH

Answer 50

kidneys