Lymphatic System

Question 1

Plays a vital supporting role to both circulatory and immune systems as it also performs several
essential functions in the body.

Answer 1

lymphatic system

Question 2

Maintains fluid balance in tissues, absorbs lipids from the small intestine, and defends against
pathogens.

Answer 2

lymphatic system

Question 3

lymphatic system parts

Answer 3

lymph, lymphocytes, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, the tonsils, the spleen, and the thymus

Question 4

small, closed-ended vessels with
simple squamous epithelium, making them more permeable than blood capillaries due to their lack of a basement membrane.

Answer 4

lymphatic capillaries

Question 5

resemble small veins

Answer 5

lymphatic vessels

Question 6

beaded appearance because they have one-way valves that are similar to the valves of veins

Answer 6

small lymphatic vessels

Question 7

lymphatic organs

Answer 7

tonsils, the lymph nodes, the spleen, and the thymus.

Question 8

tonsil divisions

Answer 8

palatine tonsils, pharyngeal tonsils, and lingual tonsils.

Question 9

rounded structures, varying from the size of a small seed to that of a shelled almond.

Answer 9

lymph nodes

Question 10

three superficial aggregations

Answer 10

inguinal nodes in the groin, axillary nodes in
the axilla (armpit), and cervical nodes in the neck.

Question 11

filters blood instead of lymph; blood reservoir

Answer 11

spleen

Question 12

bilobed gland roughly triangular in shape; site for the maturation of a class of lymphocytes
called T cells

Answer 12

thymus

Question 13

the ability to resist damage from pathogens, harmful chemicals released by microorganisms; and internal threats.

Answer 13

immunity

Question 14

the body recognizes and destroys certain
pathogens, but the response to them is the same each time the body is exposed.

Answer 14

innate immunity

Question 15

the body recognizes and destroys pathogens, but the response to them improves each time the pathogen is encountered.

Answer 15

adaptive immunity

Question 16

prevent pathogens and chemicals from entering
the body

Answer 16

physical barriers

Question 17

a thin, clear membrane that protects your eye; creates the mucus layer that forms part of
your tears.

Answer 17

conjunctiva

Question 18

molecules responsible for many aspects of innate immunity.

Answer 18

chemical mediators

Question 19

kills certain bacteria

Answer 19

lysozyme in tears and saliva

Question 20

prevents the entry of some pathogens

Answer 20

mucus on the mucous membrane

Question 21

part of the immediate, early phase of the inflammatory response.

Answer 21

histamine

Question 22

a group of more than 20 proteins found in plasma, acts as a potent chemical mediator in the immune response.

Answer 22

complement

Question 23

modulate the inflammatory response

Answer 23

prostaglandins

Question 24

lipid mediators derived from arachidonic acid, a fatty acid which contribute to the recruitment and activation of immune cells at the site of inflammation

Answer 24

leukotrienes

Question 25

are proteins that protect the body against viral infections.

Answer 25

interferons

Question 26

most important cellular components of immunity.

Answer 26

white blood cells

Question 27

movement of white blood cells toward these chemicals

Answer 27

chemotaxis

Question 28

a type of white blood cell that is specialized in engulfing and digesting foreign particles, such as bacteria, dead cells, and other debris.

Answer 28

phagocytic cells

Question 29

the ingestion and destruction of particles by cells called phagocytosis

Answer 29

phagocytosis

Question 30

are small phagocytic cells that are usually the first cells to enter infected tissues from the blood in large numbers.

Answer 30

neutrophils

Question 31

They die after phagocytizing a single microorganism.

Answer 31

neutrophils

Question 33

an accumulation of fluid, dead neutrophils, and other cells at a site of infection.

Answer 33

pus

Question 34

are monocytes that leave the blood, enter tissues, and enlarge about fivefold.

Answer 34

macrophages

Question 35

are derived from red bone marrow, are motile white blood cells that can leave the blood and enter infected tissues.

Answer 35

basophils

Question 36

are also derived from red bone marrow, are nonmotile cells in connective tissue, especially near capillaries.

Answer 36

mast cells

Question 37

also participate in inflammation associated with allergies and asthma.

Answer 37

eosinophils

Question 38

a type of lymphocyte produced in red bone marrow; recognize classes of cells; innate immunity; use a variety of methods to kill their target cells

Answer 38

natural killer cells

Question 39

a complex and protective biological reaction that occurs in the body in response to various stimuli

Answer 39

inflammatory response

Question 40

is an inflammatory response confined to a specific area of the body.

Answer 40

local inflammation

Question 41

is an inflammatory response that is generally distributed throughout the body.

Answer 41

systemic inflammation

Question 42

Exhibits specificity and memory.

Answer 42

adaptive immunity

Question 43

are substances that stimulate adaptive immune responses.

Answer 43

antigens

Question 44

from outside the body

Answer 44

foreign antigens

Question 45

molecules the body produces to stimulate an immune system response.

Answer 45

self-antigens

Question 46

a group of lymphocytes called B cells and proteins called antibodies which are found in the plasma.

Answer 46

antibody-mediated immunity

Question 47

involves the actions of a second type of lymphocyte, called T cells.

Answer 47

cell-mediated immunity

Question 48

Move to lymphatic tissue from processing sites and continually circulate.

Answer 48

B and T Cells

Question 49

glycoproteins of cell surfaces

Answer 49

MHC molecules

Question 50

Display antigens on surface of nucleated cells, resulting in destruction of cells

Answer 50

class I

Question 51

Display antigens on surface of antigen-presenting cells, resulting in activation of immune cells

Answer 51

class II

Question 52

is a protein in the body that helps regulate the immune system by promoting the growth and activity of certain immune cells, particularly T cells

Answer 52

interleukin-2

Question 53

are like docking points on immune cells.

Answer 53

interleukin-2 receptors

Question 54

also called gamma globulins or immunoglobulins.

Answer 54

antibodies

Question 55

function of cytotoxic T cells and is most effective against microorganisms that live inside body cells.

Answer 55

cell-mediated immunity

Question 56

Acquired by an individual in due course of time

Answer 56

acquired immunity

Question 57

an organism causing disease to its host, with the severity of the disease symptoms referred to as virulence.

Answer 57

pathogens

Question 58

Immunity developed by our own immune system in response to exposure to a pathogen.

Answer 58

active immunity

Question 59

treats disease by altering immune system function or by directly attacking harmful cells.

Answer 59

immunotherapy

Question 60

results from natural exposure to an antigen

Answer 60

active natural immunity

Question 61

an antigen is deliberately introduced into an individual to stimulate the immune system.

Answer 61

active artificial immunity; vaccination

Question 62

occurs when another person or an animal develops immunity and the immunity is transferred to a nonimmune individual.

Answer 62

passive immunity

Question 63

results when antibodies are transferred from a mother to her child across the placenta before birth.

Answer 63

passive natural immunity

Question 64

Antibodies produced by another person

Answer 64

passive artificial immunity