Reproductive System

Question 1

Functions of Reproductive System

Answer 1

Production of gametes.
Fertilization.
Development and nourishment of a new individual.
Production of reproductive hormones.

Question 2

Male gametes

Answer 2

Sperm cells in testes

Question 3

Female gametes

Answer 3

Oocytes (eggs) in ovaries

Question 4

Formation of gametes

Answer 4

By meiosis

Question 5

Meiosis process

Answer 5

Two consecutive cell divisions halve the chromosome number from 46 total chromosomes to 23 total chromosomes

Question 6

male reproductive parts

Answer 6

testes
a series of ducts
accessory glands
supporting structures.

Question 7

parts of ducts

Answer 7

epididymides
the ducta deferentia
the urethra

Question 8

a saclike structure containing the testes.

Answer 8

scrotum

Question 9

layer of loose connective tissue and a layer of smooth muscle beneath the skin of scrotum

Answer 9

dartos muscle

Question 10

male gonads, are oval organs, each about 4–5 cm long, within the scrotum

Answer 10

testes

Question 11

lobules contain _____, in which sperm cells develop

Answer 11

seminiferous tubules

Question 12

delicate connective tissue surrounding the seminiferous tubules contains clusters of endocrine cells called _______, which secrete testosterone

Answer 12

interstitial cells or Leydig cells

Question 13

seminiferous tubules contain ____

Answer 13

germ cells and sustentacular cells, or Sertoli cells

Question 14

spermatogenesis

Answer 14

the process of forming sperm cells

Question 15

efferent ductules carry sperm cells from the testis to a tightly coiled series of threadlike tubules that form a comma-shaped structure on the posterior side of the testis called ______

Answer 15

epididymis

Question 16

where sperm cells continue to mature, develop the capacity to swim and the ability to bind to the oocyte

Answer 16

epididymis

Question 17

final changes in sperm cells; occur after ejaculation of semen into the vagina and prior to fertilization

Answer 17

capacitation

Question 18

emerges from the epididymis, ascends along the posterior side of the testis, and forms the spermatic cord

Answer 18

ductus deferens

Question 19

contains ductus deferens, blood vessels, nerves, and is surrounded by the cremaster muscle and connective tissue sheaths

Answer 19

spermatic cord

Question 20

near the ampulla of each ductus deferens is a sac-shaped gland

Answer 20

seminal vesicle

Question 21

extends into the prostate gland and ends by joining the urethra within the prostate gland

Answer 21

ejaculatory duct

Question 22

extends from the urinary bladder to the distal end of the penis

Answer 22

urethra

Question 23

three parts of urethra

Answer 23

prostatic, membranous, and spongy parts

Question 24

passageway for both urine and male reproductive fluids

Answer 24

urethra

Question 25

male organ of copulation and functions in the transfer of sperm cells from the male to the female

Answer 25

penis

Question 26

two columns forming the dorsal and lateral parts of the penis

Answer 26

corpora cavernosa

Question 27

smaller column occupying the ventral portion, including the glans penis

Answer 27

corpus spongiosum

Question 28

process of engorgement of erectile tissue with blood that causes the penis to enlarge and become firm

Answer 28

erection

Question 29

loose fold of skin that covers the glans penis

Answer 29

prepuce

Question 30

glands consisting of many saclike structures located next to the ampulla of the ductus deferens

Answer 30

seminal vesicles

Question 31

consists of both glandular and muscular tissue and is about the size and shape of a walnut.

Answer 31

prostate gland

Question 32

Cowper glands, are a pair of small, mucus-secreting glands located near the base of the penis; size of a pea

Answer 32

bulbourethral glands

Question 33

mixture of sperm cells and secretions from the male reproductive glands

Answer 33

semen

Question 34

produce a mucous secretion, which lubricates the urethra

Answer 34

bulbourethral glands and the mucous glands

Question 35

include sperm cells and a small amount of fluid

Answer 35

testicular secretions

Question 36

contain proteolytic enzymes that break down the coagulated proteins of the seminal vesicles and make the semen more liquid

Answer 36

prostatic secretions

Question 37

the release of sperm-containing semen

Answer 37

ejaculation

Question 38

major male hormone secreted by the testes

Answer 38

testosterone

Question 39

causes the enlargement and differentiation of the male genitals and the reproductive duct system

Answer 39

testosterone

Question 40

structural and behavioral changes, other than in the reproductive organs, that develop at puberty and distinguish males from females

Answer 40

secondary sexual characteristics

Question 41

male sexual response cycle

Answer 41

excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution

Question 42

most common cause of infertility in males;

Answer 42

low sperm cell count; if the sperm cell count drops to below 20 million sperm cells per milliliter

Question 43

collecting several ejaculations, concentrating the sperm cells, and inserting them into the female’s reproductive tract

Answer 43

artificial insemination

Question 44

female reproductive organs

Answer 44

ovaries, the uterine tubes (or fallopian tubes), the uterus, the vagina, the external genitalia, and the mammary glands

Question 45

a reproductive organ in females that produces eggs (ova) and hormones such as estrogen and progesterone

Answer 45

ovary

Question 46

small organs suspended in the pelvic cavity by ligaments

Answer 46

two ovaries

Question 47

extends from each ovary to the lateral body wall

Answer 47

suspensory ligament

Question 48

attaches the ovary to the superior margin of the uterus

Answer 48

ovarian ligament

Question 49

the process of the formation and development of female gametes

Answer 49

oogenesis

Question 50

immature egg cells

Answer 50

oogonia

Question 51

key event in the menstrual cycle of females, marking the release of a mature egg (ova or ovum) from one of the ovaries

Answer 51

ovulation

Question 52

process by which a sperm cell (male gamete) fuses with an egg cell (female gamete) to form a zygote

Answer 52

fertilization

Question 53

also called a fallopian tube or oviduct, is associated with each ovary

Answer 53

uterine tube

Question 54

fertilization usually occurs in the part of the uterine tube near the ovary

Answer 54

ampulla

Question 55

fertilized oocyte then travels to the uterus, where it embeds in the uterine wall in a process

Answer 55

implantation

Question 56

big as a medium-sized pear; it is oriented in the pelvic cavity with the larger, rounded part directed superiorly

Answer 56

uterus

Question 57

three layers of uterine wall

Answer 57

an outer protective serous layer, a middle muscular layer (myometrium) responsible for contractions, and an inner layer of endometrium

Question 58

female organ of copulation; it receives the penis during intercourse; also allows menstrual flow and childbirth

Answer 58

vagina

Question 59

walls of vagina

Answer 59

outer muscular layer and an inner mucous membrane

Question 60

vaginal opening is covered by a thin mucous membrane called _______

Answer 60

hymen

Question 61

aka the external genital organs or external reproductive organs, are the visible parts of the reproductive system that are located outside the body

Answer 61

external genitalia

Question 62

the external genital area in females

Answer 62

vulva

Question 63

a small, erectile structure

Answer 63

clitoris

Question 64

area between the genitals and the anus in both males and females

Answer 64

clinical perineum

Question 65

organs of milk production and are located in the breasts

Answer 65

mammary glands

Question 66

the breasts of a male can become permanently enlarged

Answer 66

gynecomastia

Question 67

ends of small ducts that expand to form secretory sacs is called ____

Answer 67

alveoli

Question 68

the first episode of menstrual bleeding

Answer 68

menarche

Question 69

series of changes that occur in sexually mature, nonpregnant females and that culminate in menses

Answer 69

menstrual cycle

Question 70

cessation of menstrual cycles

Answer 70

menopause

Question 71

whole time period from the onset of irregular cycles to their complete cessation

Answer 71

climacteric

Question 72

sexual response cycle of females

Answer 72

desire, arousal, plateau, orgasm, resolution

Question 73

effects of aging in male reproductive system

Answer 73

benign prostatic enlargement; prostate cancer

Question 74

effects of aging in female reproductive system

Answer 74

menopause; breast cancer