Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AnaPhy > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

functions of digestive system

A

ingestion of food
digestion of food
absorption of nutrients
elimination of wastes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

digestive system consists of _____

A

digestive tract, or gastrointestinal (GI) tract, plus specific associated organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

serves as a protective barrier to indigestible and harmful materials

A

inner lining of the digestive tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

digestive tract consists of ______

A

oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

empty into the oral cavity

A

salivary glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

connected to the small intestine

A

liver and pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

innermost tunic

A

mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

a loose connective tissue

A

lamina propria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

a thin smooth muscle layer

A

muscularis mucosae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A thick layer of loose connective tissue containing nerves, blood vessels, and small glands; An extensive network of nerve cell processes forms a plexus (network).

A

Submucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

it consists of an inner layer of circular smooth muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal smooth muscle.

A

muscularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Outermost layer of the digestive tract

A

Serosa or Adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Consists of the peritoneum, which is a
smooth epithelial layer, and its underlying
connective tissue.

A

Serosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Continuous with the surrounding
connective tissue

A

Adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

formed mostly by the orbicularis oris
muscle.

A

lips

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

form the lateral walls of the oral cavity
and contains the buccinator muscles.

A

cheeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

a large, muscular organ that occupies most of the
oral cavity

A

tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

an anterior attachment to the floor of
the mouth by a thin fold of tissue

A

frenulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

There are ___ teeth in the normal adult mouth,
located in the mandible and maxillae.

A

32

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

teeth quadrants

A

right upper, left upper, right lower, and left lower.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

teeth of adults are called

A

permanent teeth, or secondary teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Replacements for the 20 primary teeth, deciduous teeth

A

milk or baby teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

center of the teeth which is filled with blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue, called pulp

A

pulp cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

living, cellular, bonelike tissue

A

dentil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

an extremely hard, acellular
substance which protects the tooth against
abrasion and acids produced by bacteria in the
mouth.

A

enamel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

covers the surface of the dentin
in the root surface of the dentin in the root

A

cementum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

dense fibrous connective
tissue and moist stratified squamous epithelium
that covers the alveolar processes

A

Gingiva or gums

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

connective tissue
fibers that extend from the alveolar walls and
are embedded into the cementum that hold the
teeth in places.

A

Periodontal ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

the result of the breakdown of enamel by acids produced by bacteria on the tooth surface.

A

Dental caries or tooth decay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

inflammation and degeneration of the periodontal ligaments, gingiva, and alveolar bone.

A

Periodontal disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

roof of the oral cavity; two parts

A

palate; hard and soft palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

posterior extension of the soft palate

A

uvula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

located in the lateral posterior walls of
the oral cavity, in the nasopharynx

A

tonsils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

produce saliva, which is a mixture
of serous (watery) and mucous fluids.

A

salivary glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

serous glands located just anterior to each ear.

A

parotid glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

an inflammation of the parotid gland
caused by a viral infection.

A

mumps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

produce more serous than mucous secretions

A

submandibular glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

produce primarily mucous secretions

A

sublingual glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

helps keep the oral cavity moist and contains enzymes that begin the process of digestion.

A

saliva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

a digestive enzyme that breaks the covalent bonds between glucose molecules in starch and other polysaccharides to produce
the disaccharides maltose and isomaltose.

A

salivary amylase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

protects the mouth from bacterial infection by washing the oral cavity with lysozyme, a mildly antibacterial enzyme.

A

saliva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

increases the efficiency of digestion by increasing the surface area

A

mastication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

primarily cut and tear food

A

Incisors and canines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

primarily crush and grind food

A

Premolars and molars

45
Q

Connects the mouth with the esophagus

A

pharynx (throat)

46
Q

A muscular tube, lined with moist stratified squamous epithelium, that extends from the pharynx to the stomach.

A

esophagus

47
Q

An enlarged segment of the digestive tract
in the left superior part of the abdomen.

A

stomach

48
Q

most superior part of the
stomach

A

fundus

49
Q

largest part of the stomach

A

body

50
Q

opening from the esophagus into the stomach.

A

Gastroesophageal Opening

51
Q

region of the stomach around the
gastroesophageal opening.

A

Cardiac Region

52
Q

opening from the stomach into the
small intestine.

A

Pyloric Opening

53
Q

relatively thick ring of smooth
muscle.

A

Pyloric Sphincter

54
Q

region of the stomach near the pyloric
opening.

A

Pyloric Region

55
Q

three muscular layers of the stomach

A
  1. Outer Longitudinal Layer
  2. Middle Circular Layer
  3. Inner Oblique Layer
56
Q

large folds of submucosa and mucosa of the
stomach when it is empty.

A

rugae

57
Q

produce mucus which coats
and protects the stomach lining.

A

Surface Mucous Cells

58
Q

produce mucus.

A

Mucous Neck Cells

59
Q

produce hydrochloric acid and intrinsic
factor.

A

Parietal Cells

60
Q

produce regulatory chemicals

A

Endocrine Cells

61
Q

produce pepsinogen.

A

Chief Cells

62
Q

semifluid mixture of ingested food and stomach
secretions.

A

Chyme

63
Q

kills microorganisms and activates pepsin
from its inactive form, called pepsinogen.

A

Hydrochloric Acid

64
Q

breaks covalent bonds of proteins to form smaller
peptide chains.

A

Pepsin

65
Q

lubricates the epithelial cells of the stomach wall and protects them from the damaging effect of the acidic chyme and pepsin.

A

Mucus

66
Q

binds with vitamin B12 and makes it more
readily absorbed in the small intestine.

A

Intrinsic Factor

67
Q

viewed as the “get started” phase.

A

Cephalic Phase

68
Q

hormone which stimulates additional secretory activity.

A

Gastrin

69
Q

both a a paracrine chemical signal and a hormone that enters the blood to
stimulate gastric gland secretory activity. It is also the most potent stimulator of
hydrochloric acid secretion.

A

Histamine

70
Q

“go fot it” phase.

A

Gastric phase

71
Q

“slow down” phase.

A

Intestinal Phase

72
Q

relatively weak contractions waves, which
thoroughly mix ingested food with stomach
secretions to form chyme.

A

Mixing Waves

73
Q

stronger contractions which force the chyme
toward and through the pyloric sphincter.

A

Peristaltic Waves

74
Q

The major site of digestion and absorption of food, which are accomplished due to the presence of a large surface area.

A

small intestine

75
Q

three parts of small intestine

A

Duodenum : 25 cm long
Jejunum : 25 m long
Ileum: 3.5 m long

76
Q

three modifications of small intestine

A

Circular folds
Villi
Microvilli

77
Q

liver is divided by _____

A

falciform ligament, with additional caudate and quadrate lobes.

78
Q

the “gate” through which blood vessels,
ducts, and nerves enter or exit the liver

A

porta

79
Q

delivers oxygen-rich blood.

A

hepatic artery

80
Q

Blood is released through ____ into the inferior vena cava.

A

hepatic veins

81
Q

a network of ducts connects the liver to the duodenum.

A

bile pathway

82
Q

liver functions

A

Digestion
Excretion
Nutrient storage
Nutrient conversion
Detoxification of harmful chemicals
Synthesis of new molecules

83
Q

Comprises both endocrine and exocrine tissues; Islet cells produce insulin and glucagon, regulating blood levels of nutrients like glucose and amino acids.

A

pancreas

84
Q

functions as a compound acinar gland.

A

exocrine structure

85
Q

Smaller ducts join to form larger ducts, culminating in the pancreatic duct.

A

duct system

86
Q

Combined ducts empty into the duodenum.

A

pancreatic duct connection

87
Q

pancreas function

A

produces HCO3− and digestive enzymes
digestion
regulation
hormones

88
Q

responsible for processing indigestible food material (chyme) after most nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine.

A

large intestine

89
Q

large intestine parts

A

cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal

90
Q

The proximal end of the large intestine where it
joins with the small intestine at the ileocecal
junction

A

cecum

91
Q

a blind sac off the cecum

A

appendix

92
Q

The longest part of the large intestine

A

colon

93
Q

colon parts

A

ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon

94
Q

straight, muscular tube that begins at the
termination of the sigmoid colon and ends at the anal canal

A

rectum

95
Q

channel connecting the rectum to the end of
the gastrointestinal system, the anus

A

anal canal

96
Q

smooth muscle

A

internal anal sphincter

97
Q

skeletal muscle

A

external anal sphincter

98
Q

large intestine functions

A

feces production and water absorption.

99
Q

elimination of feces.

A

defecation

100
Q

moves feces through the internal anal sphincter.

A

reflex activity

101
Q

regulates movement through the external anal sphincter

A

voluntary activity

102
Q

the chemical breakdown of organic molecules into their component parts.

A

digestion

103
Q

ways of to metabolise

A

digestion,
absorption, and
transportation.

104
Q

biomolecules

A

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Water and Minerals

105
Q

are split into disaccharides by salivary and pancreatic amylases.

A

polysaccharides

106
Q

bile salts emulsify ___

A

lipids

107
Q

breaks down lipids

A

lipase

108
Q

used to build new proteins or to serve as a source of energy.

A

proteins

AnaPhy (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions