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AnaPhy > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

maintain homeostasis

A

75 trillion cells; endocrine system

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2
Q

allow cells to communicate with each other to regulate body activities

A

chemical messengers

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3
Q

classes of chemical messengers

A

autocrine, paracrine, neurotransmitter, endocrine

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4
Q

stimulates the cell that originally secreted it, and sometimes nearby cells of the same type

A

autocrine

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5
Q

act locally on nearby cells; they are secreted by one cell type into the extracellular fluid and affect surrounding cells of a different type

A

paracrine

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6
Q

secreted by neurons that activate an adjacent cell, whether it is another neuron, a muscle cell, or a glandular cell; it is secreted into a synaptic cleft, rather than into the bloodstream.

A

neurotransmitter

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7
Q

secreted into the bloodstream by certain glands and cells, which together constitute the endocrine system

A

endocrine

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8
Q

functions of the endocrine system

A

Metabolism
Control of food intake and digestion
Tissue development
Ion regulation
Water balance
Heart rate and blood pressure regulation
Control of blood glucose and other nutrients
Control of reproductive functions
Uterine contractions and milk release
Immune system regulation

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9
Q

secrete hormones into the bloodstream

A

endocrine glands and cells

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10
Q

endo

A

within

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11
Q

krino

A

to secrete

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12
Q

endocrine

A

to secrete within

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13
Q

transport secretions outside the body or into a hollow organ

A

exocrine glands

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14
Q

release hormones directly into the bloodstream

A

endocrine glands

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15
Q

hormon

A

set into motion

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16
Q

two chemical categories of hormones

A

lipid-soluble hormones
water-soluble hormones

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17
Q

chemical structures division of hormones

A

steroid hormones
thyroid hormones

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18
Q

other hormones category

A

amino acid derivatives
peptides
proteins

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19
Q

nonpolar, and include steroid hormones, thyroid hormones, and fatty acid derivative hormones

A

Lipid-Soluble Hormones

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20
Q

polar molecules; they include protein hormones, peptide hormones, and most amino acid derivative hormones

A

Water-Soluble Hormones

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21
Q

Chemicals found in the bloodstream; circulate in the blood

A

Humoral Stimuli

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22
Q

term that refers to body fluids such as blood

A

humoral

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23
Q

following action potentials, neurons release a neurotransmitter into the synapse with the cells that produce the hormone

A

Neural Stimuli

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24
Q

It occurs when a hormone is secreted that, in turn, stimulate the secretion of other hormones

A

Hormonal Stimuli

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25
Q

protein molecules on target cells that recognize only one hormone, meaning a hormone can only affect a target cell if the corresponding receptor is present

A

hormone receptors

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26
Q

hormones exert their actions by binding to proteins called _____

A

receptors

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27
Q

the portion of each receptor molecule where a hormone binds

A

receptor site

28
Q

the tendency for each type of hormone to bind to one type of receptor, and not to others

A

specificity

29
Q

diffuse through the plasma membrane to bind to nuclear receptors, which are often found in the cell nucleus.

A

lipid-soluble hormones

30
Q

polar molecules and cannot pass through the plasma membrane

A

water-soluble hormones

31
Q

have peptide chains that are anchored in the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane

A

membrane-bound receptors

32
Q

Two Ways to Activate Responses

A

alter activity of G proteins and intracellular enzymes

33
Q

It is known as the ‘master gland’ as it regulates the function of many other hormone-secreting glands in the body

A

Pituitary Gland

34
Q

pituita, phlegm or thick mucous secretion

A

pituitary

35
Q

hypo, under + physis, growth

A

hypophysis

36
Q

coordinating center of the brain located inferior to the thalamus

A

hypothalamus

37
Q

glandula thyreoidea

A

thyroid gland

38
Q

glandula

A

gland

39
Q

One of the largest endocrine gland that is highly vascular.

A

Thyroid Gland

40
Q

______ is made up of two lobes connected by a narrow band called the ______

A

thyroid gland; isthmus

41
Q

glandula parathyreoideae

A

parathyroid gland

42
Q

a four lentil-sized hormone-producing gland embedded in the posterior wall of the thyroid gland.

A

parathyroid gland

43
Q

secrete a hormone called parathyroid hormone (PTH), which is essential for the regulation of blood calcium levels

A

parathyroid gland

44
Q
A
45
Q

Glandula Suprarenalis

A

Adrenal or Suprarenal Gland

46
Q

Supra

A

over

47
Q

renalis

A

renal; kidney

48
Q

suprarenal

A

over renal/ kidnye

49
Q

small, triangular-shaped glands located on top of both kidneys

A

adrenal or suprarenal gland

50
Q

two parts of adrenal gland

A

the cortex and the medulla

51
Q

outer region of the adrenal gland

A

adrenal cortex

52
Q

inner part of the adrenal gland

A

adrenal medulla

53
Q

pankreas

A

pancreas

54
Q

pan

A

all

55
Q

kreas

A

flesh

56
Q

entirely/ all flesh

A

pancreas

57
Q

an organ located in the abdomen that plays an essential role in converting the food we eat into fuel for the body’s cells

A

pancreas

58
Q

primary male reproductive organs, responsible for spermatogenesis and the synthesis and secretion of the male sex hormone, testosterone.

A

testes

59
Q

small, oval-shaped glands that are located on either side of your uterus. They produce eggs and hormones called estrogens and progesterone.

A

ovaries

60
Q

located in the upper part of the thoracic cavity, plays a crucial role in the immune system.

A

thymus gland

61
Q

secretes thymosin, which helps in the development of T cells that protect the body against foreign organisms.

A

thymus gland

62
Q

pinea

A

pine cone

63
Q

A small, pinecone-shaped structure located superior and posterior to the thalamus of the brain; Often called the “third eye” due to its central placement deep in the middle of the brain

A

pineal gland

64
Q

hormones that act locally as autocrine or paracrine chemical signals; inflammation

A

prostaglandins

65
Q

Hormone secreted by the kidney in response to reduced oxygen levels; Acts on bone marrow to increase the production of red blood cells.

A

erythropoietin

66
Q

It is the important source of hormones (estrogen, progesterone, and human chorionic gonadotropin) that maintain pregnancy and stimulate breast development.

A

placenta

67
Q
A

AnaPhy (6 decks)

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