Urinary System Flashcards
removes them and filtering the blood as it passes through the kidneys
urinary system
Urinary system plays additional equally important functions, including the ff.
regulation of blood volume and chemical composition of blood,
lymph and other body fluids
regulate blood pH
blood pressure
concentration of red blood cells
production of vitamin D
It controlled by the nervous system, also stores urine until a convenient time for disposal and then provides the anatomical structures to transport this waste liquid to the outside of the body.
urinary system
The urinary system consists of ______ which filter blood to produce urine.
paired kidneys
Urine moves through the ureters to the _________ where it is stored until it is released.
urinary bladder
When released, urine travels through the _________ to the outside world.
urethra
urinary system’s functions
regulating the volume and composition of body fluids, removing waste products from the blood, and expelling the waste and excess water from the body in the form of urine.
- histologically apparent substructure of the renal cortex composed of glomeruli and proximal tubules.
Cortical labyrinth
- An anatomical unit of the kidney composed of the medullary pyramid and the overlying cortex.
Lobe (renal)
An anatomical subunit of a renal lobe that is centered on a single medullary ray.
Lobule (renal)
Collections of renal tubules coursing from the renal cortex to the medulla and centered around a collecting duct.
Medullary rays
The process by fluid and molecules selectively pass across the glomerular filtration barrier (plasma -> urine).
Ultrafiltration (renal)
cup-like structures receiving urine from the collecting ducts where it passes on to the renal pelvis and ureter
Calyces
arteriole carrying blood from the glomerulus to the capillary beds around the convoluted tubules and loop of Henle; portion of the portal system
Efferent arteriole
- tuft of capillaries surrounded by Bowman’s capsule; filters the blood based on size
Glomerulus
functional units of the kidney that carry out all filtration and modification to produce urine;
Nephrons
Nephrons are consist of the ff.
renal corpuscles, proximal and distal convoluted tubules, and descending and ascending loops of Henle; drain into collecting ducts
inner region of kidney containing the renal pyramids
Medulla
second capillary bed of the renal portal system; surround the proximal and distal convoluted tubules; associated with the vasa recta
Peritubular capillaries
extensions of the renal cortex into the renal medulla; separates the renal pyramids; contains blood vessels and connective tissues
Renal columns
outer part of kidney containing all of the nephrons; some nephrons have loops of Henle extending into the medulla
Renal cortex
- adipose tissue between the renal fascia and the renal capsule that provides protective cushioning to the kidney
Renal fat pad
- recessed medial area of the kidney through which the renal artery, renal vein, ureters, lymphatics, and nerves pass
Renal hilum
- medullary area of the renal pyramids where collecting ducts empty urine into the minor calyces
Renal papillae