NERVOUS SYSTEM Flashcards
It is the most complex body system.
nervous system
Constantly alive with electricity, it is the body’s prime communication and coordination network.
nervous system
It is so vast and complex that, an estimate is that all the individual nerves from one body, joined end to end, could reach around the world two and a half times.
Nervous system
The Central Nervous System consists of these two
Brain and Spinal Cord
It Make Up the Peripheral Nervous System.
Nerves and Sensory Organs
Together, what is the function of the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous systems (PNS)?
transmit and process sensory information and coordinate bodily functions.
The brain and spinal cord (the CNS) function as what?
control center
They receive data and feedback from the sensory organs and from nerves throughout the body, process the information, and send commands back out.
Brain and spinal cord
Functions of the brain and spinal cord
They receive data and feedback from the sensory organs and from nerves.
Process the information, and send commands back out.
Functions of nerve pathways of the PNS
carry incoming and outgoing signals
2 Types of Nervous System
Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
2 Types of Peripheral Nervous System
Autonomic and Somatic
Two types of Autonomic
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
Function of Autonomic
Controls self-regulated action of internal organs and glands
Function of Somatic
Controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscle
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
Arousing and Calming
It receives information from the body’s environment and generates instructions, thereby controlling all the activities of the human body.
central nervous system
It conveys this two-way information flow into and out of the CNS.
peripheral nervous system
It is placed within the neurocranium, and is formed from the cerebrum, cerebellum and brainstem (pons and medulla oblongata).
brain
The brain is placed where?
Neurocranium
The brain is formed from?
cerebrum
cerebellum
brainstem (pons and medulla oblongata)
The central parts of the CNS are occupied by spaces that is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
ventricles
It is placed within the vertebral column.
spinal cord
Functions of the Spinal Cord
Transmits Signals to and from the Brain and Commands Reflexes
It Transmits Signals to and from the Brain and Commands Reflexes
Spinal cord
It is an elongated cylinder of neuron cell bodies, bundles of axons, and other cells, protected by connective tissue and bone.
spinal cord
It connects to the brain at the medulla oblongata and runs down the vertebral column, the hollow tunnel enclosed within the vertebrae of the spine.
Spinal cord
It is part of the central nervous
system and serves as a kind of superhighway.
spinal cord
Sensory information and motor commands travel up and down, heading to and from the brain.
Spinal cord
The spinal cord can shoot out a reflex command without bothering the
brain, called what?
Reflex Arc
The spinal cord can shoot out a reflex command without bothering the brain, called what?
Reflex Arc
The CNS is made of what?
neurons and their processes (axons)
It is made of neuron cell bodies, it is found in the cerebral cortex and the central portion of the spinal cord.
Gray matter
Gray matter is made of what?
neuron cell bodies
It is made of axons, which combine and build neural pathways.
White matter
White matter is made of what?
Axons
It is where the instructions generate
gray matter
It is the path through which the instructions travel toward the organs.
white matter
It conducts information from the CNS to the target tissues, and from the target tissues to the CNS.
peripheral nervous system
PNS consists of what?
nerves and their ganglia
Nerves that carry information from peripheral sense organs (for example eye, tongue nasal mucosa, ear, and skin) to the CNS are called what?
afferent
What are the 5 examples of peripheral sense organs
eye, tongue, nasal mucosa, ear, and skin
Fibers that carry information from the CNS to the periphery (muscles and glands).
efferent motor
It is a cluster of neural tissue outside of the CNS, made of neuronal cell bodies.
ganglion
It can be both sensory and autonomic.
Ganglia
These are associated with spinal nerves and some cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, X).
Sensory ganglia
Sensory ganglia are associated with what?
spinal nerves and some cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, X)
Peripheral nerves emerge from where?
CNS
How many pairs of cranial nerves that arise from the brain?
12 pairs of cranial nerves
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there that extend from the spinal cord?
31 pairs of spinal nerves
Cranial nerves are named what?
I to XII
These are named I to XII, determined by their skull exit location (anterior to posterior).
Cranial nerves
It allows voluntary control over our movements and responses.
somatic nervous system
What are the major somatic peripheral nerves?
median nerve
sciatic nerve
femoral nerve
It controls all the internal organs unconsciously, through the associated smooth muscle and glands.
autonomic nervous system
The SANS is known as producing what as it is part of the ANS which is mostly active during stress.
flight or fight state
It is known as producing the “flight or fight“ state as it is part of the ANS which is mostly active during stress.
SANS
It dominates during rest and is more active in “rest and digest“ or “feed and breed“ activities.
PANS
PANS dominates during rest and is more active in what kind of activities?
“rest and digest“ or “feed and breed“
What are the centers of SANS and PANS?
brainstem and spinal cord
Spinal nerves are divided into _____ cervical, ____ thoracic, ____ lumbar, ____ sacral and ____ coccygeal nerve, depending on the vertebral level from which they arise.
C8
T12
L5
S5
CG1
In spinal nerves, how many cervical?
8
In spinal nerves, how many thoracic?
12
In spinal nerves, how many lumbar?
5
In spinal nerves, how many sacral?
5
In spinal nerves, how many coccygeal nerve?
1
In certain areas of the body peripheral nerves interconnect, creating neural networks called what?
plexuses
