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HISTOLOGY > Muscular Tissue (Skeletal Muscles with Introduction) > Flashcards

Muscular Tissue (Skeletal Muscles with Introduction) Flashcards

1
Q

It is one of the four primary tissue types.

A

Muscle

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2
Q

These are the largest soft tissues of the musculoskeletal system.

A

Muscle

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3
Q

3 types of muscle tissue

A

skeletal muscle
cardiac muscle
smooth muscle

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4
Q

wave-like pattern is know as…

A

action potential

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5
Q

Skeletal muscle depends on the nervous system to work properly. This is referred to as a ___________.

A

voluntary motion

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6
Q

both cardiac muscle and smooth muscle can respond to other stimuli, what are these stimuli?

A

• catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine) from the blood
• hormones
• local stimuli

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7
Q

The muscle cell, muscle fiber, contains protein filaments of _______ and _______ that slide past one another, producing contractions that move body parts, including internal organs.

A

actin and myosin

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8
Q

These contains protein filaments of actin and myosin that slide past one another, producing contractions that move body parts, including internal organs

A

muscle cell and muscle fiber

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9
Q

A type of striated muscle found specifically in the heart or myocardium.

A

Cardiac muscle

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10
Q

A structure specific to cardiac muscle formed from gap junctions and desmosomes that allow cardiac muscle cells to contract in a coordinated fashion.

A

Intercalated disc

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11
Q

The term for a muscle cell that applies to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle and smooth muscle.

A

Myofibers

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12
Q

The tube like organelle present in skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle that coordinates contraction of the cell.

A

Myofibrils

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13
Q

Modified cardiomyocytes that propagate electrical signals through the cardiac muscle of the myocardium allowing coordinated contraction.

A

Purkinje fibers

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14
Q

The basic functional unit of striated muscle that is composed of myofilaments.

A

Sarcomere

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15
Q

The organelle that is responsible for the storage and release of calcium into the cytosol of the myofiber.

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

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16
Q

A type of striated muscle responsible for voluntary movement.

A

Skeletal muscle

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17
Q

Non-striated muscle that is responsible for involuntary movement within several organ systems.

A

Smooth muscle

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18
Q

Invaginations of the sarcolemma (cell membrane) into the cell that allows for the
conduction of depolarization impulses from the outside of the cell to around the sarcomeres.

A

T tubules

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19
Q

It is one of the four primary tissue types.

A

Muscle

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20
Q

3 types of muscle tissue

A

Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle

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21
Q

It move bones and other structures (e.g. the eyes)

A

Skeletal muscle

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22
Q

Example of skeletal muscle

A

Eyes

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23
Q

It form most of the walls of the heart and adjacent great vessels, such as the aorta.

A

Cardiac muscle

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24
Q

Example of a cardiac muscle

A

Aorta

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25
Q

Smooth muscle is also present in what organs?

A

blood vessels and intestines

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26
Q

involuntary and non-striated muscle

A

Smooth muscle

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27
Q

Muscles are classified histologically into ________ and ________ based on the structural characteristic called “striations” which is due to the arrangement of the muscle fiber’s actin and myosin filaments.

A

striated muscles and non-striated muscle

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28
Q

Muscles are classified histologically into striated muscles and non-striated muscles based on the structural characteristic called ________ which is due to the arrangement of the muscle fiber’s actin and myosin filaments.

A

striations

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29
Q

It is due to the arrangement of the muscle fiber’s actin and myosin filaments.

A

striations

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30
Q

Based on this microscopic classification, skeletal and cardiac muscles are grouped as what?

A

striated muscles

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31
Q

Visceral muscle is classified as what?

A

non-striated

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32
Q

Four main properties of Muscle tissues

A

Excitability
Contractility
Extensibility
Elasticity

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33
Q

The ability to respond to stimuli

A

Excitability

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34
Q

The ability to contract

A

Contractility

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35
Q

The ability of the muscle to be stretched without tearing

A

Extensibility

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36
Q

The ability to return to its normal shape

A

Elasticity

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37
Q

It depends on the nervous system to work properly.

A

Skeletal muscle

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38
Q

Skeletal muscle depends on the ________ to work properly.

A

nervous system

39
Q

Skeletal muscle depends on the nervous system to work properly. This is referred to as a __________.

A

voluntary motion

40
Q

These are specialized types of epithelium and fibroblasts, respectively, that have the contractile ability.

A

Myoepithelium and myofibroblasts

41
Q

These are often located in and around glands where extracellular product produced by the epithelial cells needs to be moved by contractile action towards the duct system.

A

Myoepithelial cells

42
Q

These are often seen in healing wounds and assist in the maturation and contraction of the granulation tissue (immature fibrous connective tissue) as it matures and contracts.

A

Myofibroblasts

43
Q

Through contraction, the muscular system performs the following important functions:

A

a. production of force and movement
b. support of the body
c. stability of joints
d. production of body heat
e. provision of form to the body

44
Q

These are predominantly powered by the oxidation of fats and carbohydrates, but anaerobic chemical reactions are also used.

A

Muscles

45
Q

These chemical reactions produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules that are used up by myosin filaments during muscle contractions.

A

anaerobic chemical reactions

46
Q

It develops from the mesoderm layer (except for the muscles of the iris which develop from neuro-ectoderm, and the muscles of the esophagus which are believed to develop by transdifferentiation from smooth muscle) and consists of cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscles.

A

muscular system

47
Q

muscular system develops from what layer?

A

mesoderm

48
Q

The muscular system develops from the mesoderm layer (except for the muscles of the _______ which develop from neuro-ectoderm, and the muscles of the ________ which are believed to develop by transdifferentiation from smooth muscle) and consists of cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscles.

A

iris
esophagus

49
Q

The muscles of the iris develop from ____________.

A

neuro-ectoderm

50
Q

The muscles of the esophagus which are believed to develop by transdifferentiation from __________.

A

smooth muscle

51
Q

(embryonic muscle cells) are derived from mesenchyme (embryonic connective tissue).

A

Myoblasts

52
Q

Myoblasts (embryonic muscle cells) are derived from ________.

A

mesenchyme (embryonic connective tissue).

53
Q

It is developed from local populations of mesenchymal cells (splanchnic mesoderm)

A

Cardiac and smooth muscle tissues

54
Q

It is developed from mesoderm within the somites.

A

skeletal muscles

55
Q

Cardiac and smooth muscle tissues develop from local populations of __________________.

A

mesenchymal cells (splanchnic mesoderm)

56
Q

skeletal muscles develop from __________.

A

mesoderm within the somites.

57
Q

Functions of skeletal muscle

A

To contract and cause movement
Stop movement
Hold a body
Maintaining skeletal stability and preventing skeletal structure damage or deformation.
Control movement
Protect internal organs
Generate heat

58
Q

One of the most important functions of skeletal muscle is _________.

A

To contract and cause movement.

59
Q

It act not only to produce movement but also to stop movement.

A

Skeletal muscles

60
Q

It prevent excess movement of the bones and joints, maintaining skeletal stability and preventing skeletal structure damage or deformation.

A

Skeletal muscles

61
Q

It is located throughout the body at the openings of internal tracts to control the movement of various substances.

A

Skeletal muscles

62
Q

These allows voluntary control of specific functions, such as swallowing, urination, and defecation.

A

Skeletal muscles

63
Q

It protect internal organs (particularly the abdominal organs) by acting as an external barrier or shield to external trauma and by supporting the weight of the organs.

A

Skeletal muscles

64
Q

It contribute to the generation of heat, primarily by shivering or intense bursts of movement.

A

Skeletal muscles

65
Q

It requires energy, and when ATP is broken down, heat is produced.

A

Muscle contraction

66
Q

When ATP is broken down, ________ is produced.

A

heat

67
Q

Enumerate skeletal muscles voluntary control of specific functions.

A

swallowing, urination, and defecation

68
Q

integrated tissues of skeletal muscles

A

a. the skeletal muscle fibers
b. blood vessels
c. nerve fibers
d. connective tissue

69
Q

3 levels of connective tissue of skeletal muscle

A

a. Epimysium
b. Perimysium
c. Endomysium

70
Q

Each large muscle is wrapped in a sheath of dense, irregular connective tissue called the __________.

A

epimysium

71
Q

It holds muscle fascicles in a group and also allows a muscle to contract while maintaining its structural integrity. This membranous envelope, is impervious to the spread of fluid such as pus.

A

epimysium

72
Q

This membranous envelope, is impervious to the spread of fluid such as pus.

A

Epimysium

73
Q

It also allows the muscle to move independently from other muscle groups and other types of tissue. Most individual muscles that you learn in gross anatomy are surrounded by this.

A

epimysium

74
Q

It is a term synonymous with muscle cell.

A

muscle fiber

75
Q

It is a cell with multiple peripherally located nuclei that runs the ENTIRE length of the actual muscle.

A

muscle fiber

76
Q

Inside each skeletal muscle, muscle fibers are organized into individual bundles called ________.

A

fascicles

77
Q

Inside each skeletal muscle, muscle fibers are organized into individual bundles (called fascicles), by an intermediate layer of connective tissue called the ________.

A

perimysium

78
Q

Inside each fascicle, each muscle fiber is encased in an extremely thin connective tissue layer called the __________.

A

endomysium

79
Q

Some terminology associated with muscle fibers is rooted in the _________&.

A

Greek sarco

80
Q

sarco, which means _________

A

flesh

81
Q

plasma membrane of muscle fibers is called the ____________

A

sarcolemma

82
Q

The cytoplasm of muscle fiber is referred to as _____________.

A

sarcoplasm

83
Q

The specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum that stores and controls the release of calcium ions (Ca++) is called the ____________.

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)

84
Q

The functional unit of a skeletal muscle fiber is the ___________.

A

sarcomere

85
Q

It is a highly organized arrangement of the contractile myofilaments actin (thin filament) and myosin (thick filament), along with other support proteins.

A

sarcomere

86
Q

myofilaments

A

actin (thin filament) and myosin (thick filament)

87
Q

Individual sarcomeres are joined together in a long chain called a __________ and attach to the sarcolemma at its end.

A

myofibril

88
Q

These are bundled together within the sarcoplasm.

A

Myofibrils

89
Q

In addition, there are invaginations of the sarcolemma into the sarcoplasm that surround the myofibrils. These are referred to as ____________.

A

t-tubules

90
Q

These are also known as striated muscle.

A

skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle

91
Q

strands that are thinner than the myosin, together it is called the _________

A

thin filament of the sarcomere.

92
Q

Because the myosin strands and their multiple heads (projecting from the center of the sarcomere, toward but not all to way to, the Z-discs) have more mass and are thicker, they are called __________.

A

thick filaments

93
Q

In order for a sarcomere to contract, this is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum after a stimulatory action potential from the T-tubules is generated.

A

calcium

HISTOLOGY (11 decks)

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