Muscular Tissue (Skeletal Muscles with Introduction)

Question 1

It is one of the four primary tissue types.

Answer 1

Muscle

Question 2

These are the largest soft tissues of the musculoskeletal system.

Answer 2

Muscle

Question 3

3 types of muscle tissue

Answer 3

skeletal muscle
cardiac muscle
smooth muscle

Question 4

wave-like pattern is know as…

Answer 4

action potential

Question 5

Skeletal muscle depends on the nervous system to work properly. This is referred to as a ___________.

Answer 5

voluntary motion

Question 6

both cardiac muscle and smooth muscle can respond to other stimuli, what are these stimuli?

Answer 6

• catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine) from the blood
• hormones
• local stimuli

Question 7

The muscle cell, muscle fiber, contains protein filaments of _______ and _______ that slide past one another, producing contractions that move body parts, including internal organs.

Answer 7

actin and myosin

Question 8

These contains protein filaments of actin and myosin that slide past one another, producing contractions that move body parts, including internal organs

Answer 8

muscle cell and muscle fiber

Question 9

A type of striated muscle found specifically in the heart or myocardium.

Answer 9

Cardiac muscle

Question 10

A structure specific to cardiac muscle formed from gap junctions and desmosomes that allow cardiac muscle cells to contract in a coordinated fashion.

Answer 10

Intercalated disc

Question 11

The term for a muscle cell that applies to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle and smooth muscle.

Answer 11

Myofibers

Question 12

The tube like organelle present in skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle that coordinates contraction of the cell.

Answer 12

Myofibrils

Question 13

Modified cardiomyocytes that propagate electrical signals through the cardiac muscle of the myocardium allowing coordinated contraction.

Answer 13

Purkinje fibers

Question 14

The basic functional unit of striated muscle that is composed of myofilaments.

Answer 14

Sarcomere

Question 15

The organelle that is responsible for the storage and release of calcium into the cytosol of the myofiber.

Answer 15

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 16

A type of striated muscle responsible for voluntary movement.

Answer 16

Skeletal muscle

Question 17

Non-striated muscle that is responsible for involuntary movement within several organ systems.

Answer 17

Smooth muscle

Question 18

Invaginations of the sarcolemma (cell membrane) into the cell that allows for the
conduction of depolarization impulses from the outside of the cell to around the sarcomeres.

Answer 18

T tubules

Question 19

It is one of the four primary tissue types.

Answer 19

Muscle

Question 20

3 types of muscle tissue

Answer 20

Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle

Question 21

It move bones and other structures (e.g. the eyes)

Answer 21

Skeletal muscle

Question 22

Example of skeletal muscle

Answer 22

Eyes

Question 23

It form most of the walls of the heart and adjacent great vessels, such as the aorta.

Answer 23

Cardiac muscle

Question 24

Example of a cardiac muscle

Answer 24

Aorta

Question 25

Smooth muscle is also present in what organs?

Answer 25

blood vessels and intestines

Question 26

involuntary and non-striated muscle

Answer 26

Smooth muscle

Question 27

Muscles are classified histologically into ________ and ________ based on the structural characteristic called “striations” which is due to the arrangement of the muscle fiber’s actin and myosin filaments.

Answer 27

striated muscles and non-striated muscle

Question 28

Muscles are classified histologically into striated muscles and non-striated muscles based on the structural characteristic called ________ which is due to the arrangement of the muscle fiber’s actin and myosin filaments.

Answer 28

striations

Question 29

It is due to the arrangement of the muscle fiber’s actin and myosin filaments.

Answer 29

striations

Question 30

Based on this microscopic classification, skeletal and cardiac muscles are grouped as what?

Answer 30

striated muscles

Question 31

Visceral muscle is classified as what?

Answer 31

non-striated

Question 32

Four main properties of Muscle tissues

Answer 32

Excitability Contractility Extensibility Elasticity

Question 33

The ability to respond to stimuli

Answer 33

Excitability

Question 34

The ability to contract

Answer 34

Contractility

Question 35

The ability of the muscle to be stretched without tearing

Answer 35

Extensibility

Question 36

The ability to return to its normal shape

Answer 36

Elasticity

Question 37

It depends on the nervous system to work properly.

Answer 37

Skeletal muscle

Question 38

Skeletal muscle depends on the ________ to work properly.

Answer 38

nervous system

Question 39

Skeletal muscle depends on the nervous system to work properly. This is referred to as a __________.

Answer 39

voluntary motion

Question 40

These are specialized types of epithelium and fibroblasts, respectively, that have the contractile ability.

Answer 40

Myoepithelium and myofibroblasts

Question 41

These are often located in and around glands where extracellular product produced by the epithelial cells needs to be moved by contractile action towards the duct system.

Answer 41

Myoepithelial cells

Question 42

These are often seen in healing wounds and assist in the maturation and contraction of the granulation tissue (immature fibrous connective tissue) as it matures and contracts.

Answer 42

Myofibroblasts

Question 43

Through contraction, the muscular system performs the following important functions:

Answer 43

a. production of force and movement b. support of the body c. stability of joints d. production of body heat e. provision of form to the body

Question 44

These are predominantly powered by the oxidation of fats and carbohydrates, but anaerobic chemical reactions are also used.

Answer 44

Muscles

Question 45

These chemical reactions produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules that are used up by myosin filaments during muscle contractions.

Answer 45

anaerobic chemical reactions

Question 46

It develops from the mesoderm layer (except for the muscles of the iris which develop from neuro-ectoderm, and the muscles of the esophagus which are believed to develop by transdifferentiation from smooth muscle) and consists of cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscles.

Answer 46

muscular system

Question 47

muscular system develops from what layer?

Answer 47

mesoderm

Question 48

The muscular system develops from the mesoderm layer (except for the muscles of the _______ which develop from neuro-ectoderm, and the muscles of the ________ which are believed to develop by transdifferentiation from smooth muscle) and consists of cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscles.

Answer 48

iris esophagus

Question 49

The muscles of the iris develop from ____________.

Answer 49

neuro-ectoderm

Question 50

The muscles of the esophagus which are believed to develop by transdifferentiation from __________.

Answer 50

smooth muscle

Question 51

(embryonic muscle cells) are derived from mesenchyme (embryonic connective tissue).

Answer 51

Myoblasts

Question 52

Myoblasts (embryonic muscle cells) are derived from ________.

Answer 52

mesenchyme (embryonic connective tissue).

Question 53

It is developed from local populations of mesenchymal cells (splanchnic mesoderm)

Answer 53

Cardiac and smooth muscle tissues

Question 54

It is developed from mesoderm within the somites.

Answer 54

skeletal muscles

Question 55

Cardiac and smooth muscle tissues develop from local populations of __________________.

Answer 55

mesenchymal cells (splanchnic mesoderm)

Question 56

skeletal muscles develop from __________.

Answer 56

mesoderm within the somites.

Question 57

Functions of skeletal muscle

Answer 57

To contract and cause movement Stop movement Hold a body Maintaining skeletal stability and preventing skeletal structure damage or deformation. Control movement Protect internal organs Generate heat

Question 58

One of the most important functions of skeletal muscle is _________.

Answer 58

To contract and cause movement.

Question 59

It act not only to produce movement but also to stop movement.

Answer 59

Skeletal muscles

Question 60

It prevent excess movement of the bones and joints, maintaining skeletal stability and preventing skeletal structure damage or deformation.

Answer 60

Skeletal muscles

Question 61

It is located throughout the body at the openings of internal tracts to control the movement of various substances.

Answer 61

Skeletal muscles

Question 62

These allows voluntary control of specific functions, such as swallowing, urination, and defecation.

Answer 62

Skeletal muscles

Question 63

It protect internal organs (particularly the abdominal organs) by acting as an external barrier or shield to external trauma and by supporting the weight of the organs.

Answer 63

Skeletal muscles

Question 64

It contribute to the generation of heat, primarily by shivering or intense bursts of movement.

Answer 64

Skeletal muscles

Question 65

It requires energy, and when ATP is broken down, heat is produced.

Answer 65

Muscle contraction

Question 66

When ATP is broken down, ________ is produced.

Answer 66

heat

Question 67

Enumerate skeletal muscles voluntary control of specific functions.

Answer 67

swallowing, urination, and defecation

Question 68

integrated tissues of skeletal muscles

Answer 68

a. the skeletal muscle fibers b. blood vessels c. nerve fibers d. connective tissue

Question 69

3 levels of connective tissue of skeletal muscle

Answer 69

a. Epimysium b. Perimysium c. Endomysium

Question 70

Each large muscle is wrapped in a sheath of dense, irregular connective tissue called the __________.

Answer 70

epimysium

Question 71

It holds muscle fascicles in a group and also allows a muscle to contract while maintaining its structural integrity. This membranous envelope, is impervious to the spread of fluid such as pus.

Answer 71

epimysium

Question 72

This membranous envelope, is impervious to the spread of fluid such as pus.

Answer 72

Epimysium

Question 73

It also allows the muscle to move independently from other muscle groups and other types of tissue. Most individual muscles that you learn in gross anatomy are surrounded by this.

Answer 73

epimysium

Question 74

It is a term synonymous with muscle cell.

Answer 74

muscle fiber

Question 75

It is a cell with multiple peripherally located nuclei that runs the ENTIRE length of the actual muscle.

Answer 75

muscle fiber

Question 76

Inside each skeletal muscle, muscle fibers are organized into individual bundles called ________.

Answer 76

fascicles

Question 77

Inside each skeletal muscle, muscle fibers are organized into individual bundles (called fascicles), by an intermediate layer of connective tissue called the ________.

Answer 77

perimysium

Question 78

Inside each fascicle, each muscle fiber is encased in an extremely thin connective tissue layer called the __________.

Answer 78

endomysium

Question 79

Some terminology associated with muscle fibers is rooted in the _________&.

Answer 79

Greek sarco

Question 80

sarco, which means _________

Answer 80

flesh

Question 81

plasma membrane of muscle fibers is called the ____________

Answer 81

sarcolemma

Question 82

The cytoplasm of muscle fiber is referred to as _____________.

Answer 82

sarcoplasm

Question 83

The specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum that stores and controls the release of calcium ions (Ca++) is called the ____________.

Answer 83

sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)

Question 84

The functional unit of a skeletal muscle fiber is the ___________.

Answer 84

sarcomere

Question 85

It is a highly organized arrangement of the contractile myofilaments actin (thin filament) and myosin (thick filament), along with other support proteins.

Answer 85

sarcomere

Question 86

myofilaments

Answer 86

actin (thin filament) and myosin (thick filament)

Question 87

Individual sarcomeres are joined together in a long chain called a __________ and attach to the sarcolemma at its end.

Answer 87

myofibril

Question 88

These are bundled together within the sarcoplasm.

Answer 88

Myofibrils

Question 89

In addition, there are invaginations of the sarcolemma into the sarcoplasm that surround the myofibrils. These are referred to as ____________.

Answer 89

t-tubules

Question 90

These are also known as striated muscle.

Answer 90

skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle

Question 91

strands that are thinner than the myosin, together it is called the _________

Answer 91

thin filament of the sarcomere.

Question 92

Because the myosin strands and their multiple heads (projecting from the center of the sarcomere, toward but not all to way to, the Z-discs) have more mass and are thicker, they are called __________.

Answer 92

thick filaments

Question 93

In order for a sarcomere to contract, this is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum after a stimulatory action potential from the T-tubules is generated.

Answer 93

calcium