Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

A&P II > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

The right kidney sits ____ to the left kidney due to the position of the liver

A

Inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Urine is transferred from the kidney to the urinary bladder by the

A

Ureter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List the major functions of the kidneys?

A

regulation of acid-base balance, removal of metabolic waste, regulation of blood volume
Regulation of blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Erythropoietin is produced by the kidneys to:

A

Stimulate red blood cell production in the bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The indentation on the medial surface of the kidney is the:

A

Hilum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the three main regions of the kidney?

A

renal pelvis, renal medulla, and renal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The functional units of the kidneys are

A

Nephrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In which kidney region are the renal pyramids located?

A

Renal medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Urine drains from a major calyx into

A

Renal pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the shape of the glomerulus.

A

set of capillaries within the renal corpuscle (shape)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where does blood in the arcuate artery travel next on its journey toward the glomerulus?

A

Interlobular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the two main divisions of the nephron?

A

Renal corpuscle and renal tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Simple squamous epithelium is located in the

A

Descending limb of the nephron loop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Filtrate traveling through the renal tubule travels from the thick ascending limb to the

A

Distal tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The cells of the macula densa and the juxtaglomerular cells form the

A

Juxtaglomerular (JG) apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the function of tubular reabsorption?

A

Reclaims items from filtrate and returns them to the blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the normal value for the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in mL/min?

A

125

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The main force that promotes filtration in a nephron is:

A

GHP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Glomerular colloid osmotic pressure (GCOP) is created by:

A

Proteins, such as albumin in the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The glomerular filtration rate is defined as:

A

The amount of filtrate formed by both kidneys in one minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What effect does high blood pressure have on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in the absence of regulatory mechanisms?

A

GFR will increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How does the vessel diameter of the afferent arteriole change in order to decrease glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP) and restore the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to normal?

A

The afferent arteriole will vasoconstrict

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The myogenic mechanism acts to restore the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by changing:

A

Vessel diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What do the macula densa cells regulate in their role as part of the tubuloglomerular feedback loop?

A

Changes in GHP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What will trigger the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) into action?
Low blood pressure
26
What chemical is necessary for the transformation of angiotensin-I (A-I) into active angiotensin-II (A-II)
ACE
27
T/F tubular reabsorption is mostly a passive process?
False
28
Which hormones promote facultative water reabsorption?
ADH
29
T/F ADH increases the permeability of the late distal tubule and the cortical collecting ducts to water.
True
30
Dilute urine is more likely to be produced when
ADH release is decreased
31
What is coupled with glucose reabsorption using a symporter in the early part of the proximal tubule?
Sodium ions
32
The reabsorption of bicarbonate ions in the proximal tubule helps regulate:
Blood pH
33
Water channels, or ____________ enhances obligatory water reabsorption.
Aquaporins
34
In the ascending limb of the nephron loop (loop of Henle), the thick segment is _________________to water but permeable to _________________________.
Impermeable; sodium and chloride ions
35
Podocytes in fenestrated glomerular capillaries prevent the filtration of large molecules such as:
Albumin
36
What type of chemical dissociates into ions when placed in water?
Electrolyte
37
Classify sodium balance in the human body.
Electrolyte balance
38
Define an acid.
A chemical that dissociates in water to release a hydrogen ion.
39
Where do you find fluids that have the greatest concentration of potassium ions?
Cytosol
40
What best describes hydrostatic pressure?
The force fluids exert against a capillary wall
41
Which type of extracellular fluid (ECF) solution will cause a cell to gain water?
Hypotonic
42
Which system is responsible for the most common route of water loss from the body?
Urinary system
43
How much urine is lost through obligatory water loss each day?
500 mL
44
How much water does the average person lose per day?
2.5 L
45
What part of the brain controls the thirst mechanism?
Hypothalamus
46
What is the most potent stimulus of the thirst mechanism?
Osmolarity of the ECF
47
What type of neuron detects changes in plasma osmolarity?
Osmoreceptor
48
What effect does an increase in antidiuretic hormone (ADH) have on the volume of extracellular fluid (ECF)?
ECF will increase
49
What term is used to describe an excess accumulation of interstitial fluid?
Edema
50
A patient with heart failure is administered an intravenous line containing a solution of hypertonic sodium chloride. Describe a patient who might need this treatment.
Experiencing overhydration or hypotonic hydration
51
Identify the hormones responsible for increasing sodium ion retention.
Angiotensin II and aldosterone
52
An elevated sodium ion concentration is known as:
hypernatremia
53
What is the most common cause for hypernatremia?
Dehydration
54
What is most abundant intracellular cation?
Potassium ion
55
What maintains the potassium ion concentration in the cytosol of cells?
Sodium potassium pump
56
Where are the majority of calcium ions stored in the body?
Osseus tissue
57
Why are chlorine ions important?
Involved in the production of stomach acids
58
Which ions are critical for the activation of some enzymes?
Magnesium
59
The pH of the blood primarily depends upon a normal concentration of:
Hydrogen ions
60
Which hormone influences the concentration of hydrogen ions in the filtrate formed by the kidneys?
Aldosterone
61
When fewer hydrogen ions are secreted into the filtrate, how is blood pH affected?
Blood pH decreases
62
What leads to respiratory acidosis?
Hypoventilation
63
A patient has been experiencing prolonged vomiting. Since she has lost many hydrogen ions, you predict her acid-base imbalance to be:
Metabolic alkalosis
64
For which imbalance is the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) appropriate?
Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
65
Angiotensin-II restores fluid-homeostasis when dehydration occurs due to inadequate fluid intake. Which of the following is NOT an effect of angiotensin-II?
Vasodilation

A&P II (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions