Cardiovascular system part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the thoracic cavity that the heart is situated in?

A

mediastinum

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2
Q

Coronary circulation involves the delivery of oxygenated blood to the?

A

heart

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3
Q

What do the left and right coronary arteries receive blood from?

A

aorta

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4
Q

What is the most superficial layer of the pericardial sac?

A

fibrous pericardium

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5
Q

What is the function of valves in the heart?

A

prevent backflow of blood through the heart

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6
Q

What muscle, present in the ventricles, anchor the AV valves by tendon-like chords called chordae tendinae?

A

papillary muscles

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7
Q

What is found between the visceral and parietal pericardium?

A

pericardial fluid

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8
Q

Blood in the right ventricle arrived from the?

A

right atrium

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9
Q

What is the visceral pericardium AKA?

A

epicardium

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10
Q

Does the right or left ventricle have a thinner myocardial layer?

A

right ventricle

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11
Q

What surface groove separates the right and left ventricles?

A

interventricular sulcus

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12
Q

Both the left and right atria receive blood from?

A

veins

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13
Q

The pulmonary circuit involves blood flow from the heart to the?

A

lungs

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14
Q

The right side of the heart receives _______ blood from the _______ circuit

A

deoxygenated; systemic

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15
Q

Blood on the right side of the heart is _______ blood and is pumped into the ________ circuit

A

deoxygenated; pulmonary

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16
Q

Which type of capillary would be least likely to allow substances to enter or exit the blood due to tight junctions that join the endothelial cells?

A

continuous

17
Q

Which valve is situated between the left atrium and the left ventricle?

A

mitral valve

18
Q

What valve prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium?

A

tricuspid valve

19
Q

Which vessel is guarded by a semilunar valve at its base?

A

pulmonary trunk

20
Q

Which vessel does NOT return blood to the right atrium of the heart?

A

pulmonary vein

21
Q

Which vessel carries oxygenated blood?

A

pulmonary vein

22
Q

Which part of the ECG would most be affected by abnormally slow depolarization of the ventricles?

23
Q

Which part of an ECG can be used to measure heart rate?

A

R-R interval

24
Q

The degree of stretch experienced by the sarcomeres in the ventricle cells before they contract is called?

25
What characteristic differentiates cardiac muscle cells from skeletal muscle cells?
intercalated discs
26
Autorhythmicity in the heart is the responsibility of what groups of cells?
cardiac pacemaker cells
27
A damaged AV bundle or AV node will primarily affect the length of the?
P-R interval
28
What function related to action potentials do intercalated discs serve in the heart?
they allow action potentials to spread from cell to cell
29
Predict the position of the heart valves during the ventricular ejection phase?
AV valves shut while semilunar valves are open
30
The volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one heartbeat is known as?
stroke volume
31
Inotropic agents affect?
contractility
32
Which hormone decreases cardiac output by decreasing blood volume and preload?
ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide)
33
Calculate the stroke volume Systolic 50 mL Diastolic 110 mL
60 mL