Cardiovascular system part 1 Flashcards
What is the thoracic cavity that the heart is situated in?
mediastinum
Coronary circulation involves the delivery of oxygenated blood to the?
heart
What do the left and right coronary arteries receive blood from?
aorta
What is the most superficial layer of the pericardial sac?
fibrous pericardium
What is the function of valves in the heart?
prevent backflow of blood through the heart
What muscle, present in the ventricles, anchor the AV valves by tendon-like chords called chordae tendinae?
papillary muscles
What is found between the visceral and parietal pericardium?
pericardial fluid
Blood in the right ventricle arrived from the?
right atrium
What is the visceral pericardium AKA?
epicardium
Does the right or left ventricle have a thinner myocardial layer?
right ventricle
What surface groove separates the right and left ventricles?
interventricular sulcus
Both the left and right atria receive blood from?
veins
The pulmonary circuit involves blood flow from the heart to the?
lungs
The right side of the heart receives _______ blood from the _______ circuit
deoxygenated; systemic
Blood on the right side of the heart is _______ blood and is pumped into the ________ circuit
deoxygenated; pulmonary
Which type of capillary would be least likely to allow substances to enter or exit the blood due to tight junctions that join the endothelial cells?
continuous
Which valve is situated between the left atrium and the left ventricle?
mitral valve
What valve prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium?
tricuspid valve
Which vessel is guarded by a semilunar valve at its base?
pulmonary trunk
Which vessel does NOT return blood to the right atrium of the heart?
pulmonary vein
Which vessel carries oxygenated blood?
pulmonary vein
Which part of the ECG would most be affected by abnormally slow depolarization of the ventricles?
QRS wave
Which part of an ECG can be used to measure heart rate?
R-R interval
The degree of stretch experienced by the sarcomeres in the ventricle cells before they contract is called?
preload
What characteristic differentiates cardiac muscle cells from skeletal muscle cells?
intercalated discs
Autorhythmicity in the heart is the responsibility of what groups of cells?
cardiac pacemaker cells
A damaged AV bundle or AV node will primarily affect the length of the?
P-R interval
What function related to action potentials do intercalated discs serve in the heart?
they allow action potentials to spread from cell to cell
Predict the position of the heart valves during the ventricular ejection phase?
AV valves shut while semilunar valves are open
The volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one heartbeat is known as?
stroke volume
Inotropic agents affect?
contractility
Which hormone decreases cardiac output by decreasing blood volume and preload?
ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide)
Calculate the stroke volume
Systolic 50 mL
Diastolic 110 mL
60 mL
