digestive and reproductive

Question 1

complete this analogy: testes are to gonads as sperm are to

Answer 1

gametes

Question 2

meiosis is a special type of cell division that produces

Answer 2

gametes

Question 3

where does sperm production occur within the testes?

Answer 3

seminiferous tubules

Question 4

sperm in the epididymis travel immediately next to the

Answer 4

ductus deferens

Question 5

which of the following ducts travels through the prostate?

Answer 5

ejaculatory duct

Question 6

which male accessory sex glands produce a yellowish secretion containing fructose, prostaglandins, coagulating proteins and enzymes?

Answer 6

seminal vesicle

Question 7

enlargement of the prostate can constrict the

Answer 7

ejaculatory duct

Question 8

what is the name of the stem cell that begins the process of spermatogenesis?

Answer 8

spermatogonium

Question 9

spermiogenesis begins with a _____ and ends with a ____

Answer 9

spermatid; sperm

Question 10

what is the main female gonad?

Answer 10

ovary

Question 11

from its proximal end at the uterus it approaches the ovary, the regions of the uterine tube are:

Answer 11

isthmus, ampullae, infidibulum, fimbrae

Question 12

where does fertilization usually occur?

Answer 12

uterine tube

Question 13

true or false

the vagina is part of the female external genitalia

Answer 13

false

Question 14

name the specific cell in the ovarian cycle that can be fertilized

Answer 14

secondary oocyte

Question 15

places these stages of the ovarian cycle in the correct order

corpus albicans
vesicular (tertiary) follicle
primary follicle
ruptured follicle
primordial follicle
secondary follicle
corpus luteum

Answer 15

primordial follicle

primary follicle

secondary follicle

vesicular (tertiary) follicle

ruptured follicle

corpus luteum

corpus albicans

Question 16

in a female, follicle-stimulating (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) target the

Answer 16

ovaries

Question 17

estrogens are responsible for

Answer 17

adipose tissue deposits on the hips, breasts, and thighs

Question 18

damage to the sustentacular cells of the testes could impair

Answer 18

spermatogenesis

Question 19

what is the maturation process in which spermatids elongate and shed excess cytoplasm?

Answer 19

spermiogenesis

Question 20

name the main hormone that regulates spermatogenesis

Answer 20

testosterone

Question 21

what portion of the uterus is composed of smooth muscle and contracts rhythmically during orgasm and childbirth?

Answer 21

myometrium

Question 22

the reduction in the number of chromosomes to half the normal count occurs during

Answer 22

meiosis

Question 23

a parent cell has 28 chromosomes and completes meiosis. how many chromosomes result in each cell produced?

Answer 23

14

Question 24

the fusion of sperm and egg is known as

Answer 24

fertilization

Question 25

name the uppermost organ of the alimentary canal

Answer 25

esophagus

Question 26

what is the first process to occur in the digestive system

Answer 26

ingestion

Question 27

absorption is best described as the

Answer 27

movement of food particles through the wall of the digestive tract

Question 28

from deep (innermost) to superficial (outermost) the layers of the organs of the alimentary canal are mucosa muscularis externa serosa (adventitia) submucosa

Answer 28

mucosa submucosa muscularis externa serosa (adventitia)

Question 29

what separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity

Answer 29

hard and soft palate

Question 30

name the substance that catalyzes carbs in the mouth

Answer 30

salivary amylase

Question 31

what region of the esophagus is composed of smooth muscle only?

Answer 31

inferior third

Question 32

what is the main job of the pharynx?

Answer 32

pushing food down the esophagus or propulsion

Question 33

the first sphincter encountered in the alimentary canal is the

Answer 33

upper esophageal sphincter

Question 34

which nervous system primarily controls and increases salivation

Answer 34

parasympathetic

Question 35

when does the prenatal period begin?

Answer 35

conception

Question 36

what structure implants in, or attaches to, the endometrium of the uterus

Answer 36

blastocyst

Question 37

the fusion of a sperm cell and secondary oocyte is known as

Answer 37

fertilization

Question 38

where does fertilization usually occur

Answer 38

ampulla of the uterine tube

Question 39

what follows immediately after fertilization

Answer 39

process of division called cleavage

Question 40

after fertilization, a zygote rapidly divides to produce small, genetically identical cells known as

Answer 40

blastomeres

Question 41

which part of the embryo contributes to the fetal portion of the placenta?

Answer 41

Trophoblast

Question 42

the 16 cell stage is known as the

Answer 42

morula

Question 43

which of the following releases hCG

Answer 43

syncytio-trophoblast

Question 44

in humans, from which extraembryonic membrane will the first blood cells arise?

Answer 44

yolk sac

Question 45

what process starts at the embryonic period

Answer 45

gastrulation

Question 46

what derm is the inner germ layer

Answer 46

endoderm

Question 47

what connects the placenta to the fetus

Answer 47

Umbilical cord

Question 48

a positive feedback mechanism initiates the rhythmic contractions of labor. determine the hormones involved in this feedback loop

Answer 48

oxytocin and prostaglandins

Question 49

Krista is having difficulty with the progression of her labor. Her OB administers a hormone to assist with her uterine contractions. This hormone is a synthetic version of

Answer 49

oxytocin

Question 50

parturition is AKA

Answer 50

childbirth

Question 51

labor progresses through the following 3 stages

Answer 51

dilation expulsion placental

Question 52

name the phase of the ovarian cycle during which several primary follicles mature into secondary follicles?

Answer 52

follicular stage/phase

Question 53

What contributes to the fetal portion of the placenta?

Answer 53

Chorionic villi

Question 54

which hormone increases acid secretion by the stomach?

Answer 54

gastrin

Question 55

which segment of the small intestine receives chyme from the stomach?

Answer 55

duodenum

Question 56

what is the final segment of the small intestine?

Answer 56

ileum

Question 57

name the structures that increases surface area in the small intestine?

Answer 57

circular folds, microvilli, villi

Question 58

which modification of the small intestine creates a brush border appearance upon microscopic examination?

Answer 58

microvilli

Question 59

which process, known as intestinal churning, involves a squeezing motion of the circular layer of smooth muscle in the small intestine?

Answer 59

segmentation

Question 60

which nervous system controls the migrating motor complex of the small intestine?

Answer 60

enteric nervous system

Question 61

at the splenic flexure, the colon becomes the

Answer 61

descending colon

Question 62

the pancreatic juices transported in the main pancreatic duct are destined for the

Answer 62

duodenum

Question 63

acinar cells of the pancreas release

Answer 63

cholecytsokinin

Question 64

which hormone stimulates the acinar cells of the pancreas to secrete digestive enzymes?

Answer 64

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Question 65

what cells compose the liver lobules

Answer 65

hepatocytes

Question 66

what liver secretion is responsible for the emulsification of lipids in the duodenum

Answer 66

bile

Question 67

what enzyme catalyzes the reaction of lactose into glucose and galactose

Answer 67

lactase

Question 68

Cherise is lactose-intolerant because she produces insufficient amounts of an enzyme called

Answer 68

lactase

Question 69

what creates the taeniae coli

Answer 69

longitudinal layer of the muscularis externa

Question 70

which of the following operates voluntarily and is controlled by the cerebral cortex?

Answer 70

external anal sphincter

Question 71

the first portion of the large intestine is the

Answer 71

cecum

Question 72

what is the primary effect of gastric-inhibitory peptide (GIP)

Answer 72

inhibition of acid in parietal cells

Question 73

what does the gastric pacemaker regulate

Answer 73

churning and peristalsis of the stomach

Question 74

what is accomplished by the enterogastric reflex

Answer 74

decreases vagal activity and acid secretion of the stomach

Question 75

the digestion of which food group may be affected by an inadequate amount of stomach acid

Answer 75

proteins

Question 76

which cranial nerve stimulates acid secretion during the stomach's gastric phase

Answer 76

vagus

Question 77

which process is not a main function of the stomach

Answer 77

absorption

Question 78

what enzyme catalyzes reactions that initiate carb digestion?

Answer 78

salivary amylase

Question 79

Which hormone increases acid secretion by the stomach?

Answer 79

Gastrin

Question 80

Which segment of the small intestine receives chyme from the stomach?

Answer 80

Duodenum

Question 81

What is the final segment of the small intestine?

Answer 81

Ileum

Question 82

Name the structures that increases surface area in the small intestine?

Answer 82

Circular folds Microvilli Villi

Question 83

Which modification of the small intestine creates a brush border appearance upon microscopic examination?

Answer 83

Microvilli

Question 84

Which process, known as intestinal churning, involves a squeezing motion of the circular layer of smooth muscle in the small intestine?

Answer 84

Segmentation

Question 85

Which nervous system controls the migrating motor complex of the small intestine?

Answer 85

Enteric nervous system

Question 86

At the splenic flexure, the colon becomes the:

Answer 86

Descending colon

Question 87

The pancreatic juices transported in the main pancreatic duct are destined for the:

Answer 87

Duodenum

Question 88

Acinar cells of the pancreas release:

Answer 88

cholecystokinin

Question 89

Which hormone stimulates the acinar cells of the pancreas to secrete digestive enzymes?

Answer 89

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Question 90

What cells compose the liver lobules?

Answer 90

Hepatocytes

Question 91

What liver secretion is responsible for the emulsification of lipids in the duodenum?

Answer 91

Bile

Question 92

What enzyme catalyzes reactions that initiate carbohydrate digestion?

Answer 92

Salivary amylase

Question 93

Which enzyme catalyzes the reaction of lactose into glucose and galactose?

Answer 93

Lactase

Question 94

Cherise is lactose-intolerant because she produces insufficient amounts of an enzyme called:

Answer 94

Lactase

Question 95

What creates the taeniae coli?

Answer 95

Longitudinal layer of the muscularis externa

Question 96

Which of the following operates voluntarily and is controlled by the cerebral cortex?

Answer 96

External anal sphincter

Question 97

The first portion of the large intestine is the:

Answer 97

Cecum

Question 98

What is the primary effect of gastric-inhibitory peptide (GIP)?

Answer 98

Inhibition of acid in parietal cells

Question 99

What does the gastric pacemaker regulate?

Answer 99

Churning and peristalsis of the stomach

Question 100

What is accomplished by the enterogastric reflex?

Answer 100

Decreases vagal activity and acid secretion of the stomach

Question 101

The digestion of which food group may be affected by an inadequate amount of stomach acid?

Answer 101

Proteins

Question 102

Which cranial nerve stimulates acid secretion during the stomach's gastric phase?

Answer 102

Vagus

Question 103

Which process is NOT a main function of the stomach?

Answer 103

Absorption