Urinary System

Question 1

The kidneys are innervated via the ….

Answer 1

sympathetic fibers from the renal plexus

Question 2

Describe the flow of filtrate/urine through the tubule system

Answer 2

FILTRATE: Glomerulus –> bowman’s capsule –> nephron –> PCT –> Henle –> DCT –> collecting duct
URINE: collecting duct –> renal papillae –> minor calyx –? major calyx –> renal pelvis –> ureter –> urinary bladder –> urethra

Question 3

Urine is formed in the renal tubules and makes its way to the urinary bladder where it’s stored. When the bladder is full the ______ _______ is triggered.

Answer 3

Micturition reflex

Question 4

When the micturation reflex is activated, the smooth muscle of the bladder does what?

Answer 4

contracts and expels urine

Question 5

The internal sphincter is innervated via

Answer 5

sympathetic fibers (involuntary)

Question 6

The external sphincter is innervated via

Answer 6

somatic motor fibers (voluntary)

Question 7

Describe the anatomical location of the urinary system.

Answer 7

Retroperitoneal ; medial surface concave while lateral surface convex

Question 8

What are the three layers of the kidney?

Answer 8

1. Renal fascia
2. Perirenal fat capsule
3. Fibrous capsule

Question 9

Name the structures of the kidneys

Answer 9

Cortex, Medulla, papillae, pyramid, column, minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis

Question 10

What is the flow of urine through the urinary system

Answer 10

collecting duct–> papillae –> minor calyx –> major calyx –> renal pelvis –> ureter –> urinary bladder

Question 11

Describe the blood flow through the kidneys

Answer 11

Aorta –> Renal a. –> Segmental a. –> Interlobar a. –> Arcuate a. –> Interlobar a. –> afferent arteriole –> glomerulus –> peritubular capillaries OR vasa recta –> interlobar vein –> arcuate v. –> interlobar vein –> renal v. –> inferior vena cava

Question 12

What are the components of the nephron?

Answer 12

Glomerulus, PCT, Henle, DCT, Collecting duct, Peritubular capillaries OR vasa recta

Question 13

What are the two types of nephrons? Briefly describe each.

Answer 13

1. cortical nephron (cortex)
   - Peritubular capillaries
   - Function: Absorption
2. Juxtamedullary nephron
   - Vasa recta
   - Function: Urine formation

Question 14

Which part of the nephron is comprised of cuboidal cells w/ microvilli?

Answer 14

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 15

Which part of the nephron has 2 layers and is composed of stratified squamous epithelium (1) and podocytes (2)?

Answer 15

Bowmans capsule

Question 16

Which part of the nephron is composed of cuboidal cells with very few microvilli?

Answer 16

Distal convoluted tubule

Question 17

Which part of the nephron has two limbs? What are the two and what are their cells?

Answer 17

Loop of Henle
Ascending Limb (cuboidal or columnar)
Descending Limb (simple squamous)

Question 18

What are the components of the corpuscle? Briefly describe each.

Answer 18

1. Glomerulus
   - highly porous capillaries
   - allows for efficient filtrate formation
2. Bowmans capsule
   - hollow structure surrounding glomerulus
   - 2 layers: visceral and parietal

Question 19

What are the components of the renal tubule? Briefly describe each

Answer 19

1. PCT
   - reabsorption and secretion
2. Loop of Henle
   - Descending and Ascending Limbs
3. DCT
   - more secretion than absorption