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Anat/Physio > Digestive > Flashcards

Digestive Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two group of the digestive system?

A

Alimentary canal and Accessory organs

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2
Q

What are the four functions of the digestive system?

A
  • Take in food
  • Break it down and absorb nutrients into bloodstream
  • Rid the body of indigestible remains
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3
Q

The Alimentary canal (or GI tract) runs from where to where?

A

Mouth to anus

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4
Q

What does the alimentary canal do?

A
  • Digests food: breaks it down into smaller fragments
  • Absorbs fragments into bloodstream through lining
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5
Q

What organs make up the alimentary canal?

A

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus

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6
Q

Which organs make up the accessory organs?

A

Teeth, Tongue, Gallbladder, and Digestive glands

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7
Q

What is the function of salivary glands?

A

produce secretions that help breakdown foodstuffs

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8
Q

Which 2 organs secrete substances to aid in digestion?

A

Liver and Pancreas

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9
Q

How many parts are there to the small intestine? What are their names and locations?

A

3: Duodenum, Jejunem, and Ileum
Duodenum: shortest, connects to the stomach before connecting to the jejunem
Jejunem: connects duodenum and ileum
Ileum: longest, connects to colon

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10
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
There are 3 portions that make up the large intestine

A

FALSE
There are 4: Ascending, Transverse, Descending, and Sigmoid colon

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11
Q

How many actions/stages are involved in food processing? What are they?

A

6
In order: Ingestion, Propulsion, Mechanical Breakdown, Digestion, Absorption, & Defecation

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12
Q

What’s Ingestion?

A

eating; entry of food into the alimentary canal through the mouth

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13
Q

Define Propulsion

A

the movement of food through the alimentary canal

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14
Q

What two processes are included in Propulsion?

A

Swallowing & Peristalsis

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15
Q

Explain Swallowing and Peristalsis

A

Swallowing: voluntary movement of food from the mouth to stomach via the pharynx and esophagus
Peristalsis: involuntary; sequential, alternating waves of contraction and relaxation of alimentary canal smooth muscle; propel food through intestines

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16
Q

What’s Mechanical Breakdown?

A

the mechanical breakdown of food via mastication and segmentation

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17
Q

What actions occur in mechanical digestion?

A

chewing, mixing food with saliva, churning food in stomach

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18
Q

Define Segmentation

A

Localized contractions of (usually) the small intestine that mixes food with digestive juices; food is moved forward then back, mixes food and breaks it down mechanically, absorption

19
Q

What does Digestion involve?

A

The breakdown of complex food molecules into chemical building blocks (ex: protein –> amino acids)

20
Q

Whats the step after Digestion and what is it?

A

Absorption; nutrients are absorbed through the lumen of the alimentary canal and into the blood (or lymph)

21
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Defecation is the elimination of excess nutrients

A

FALSE
Defecation is the elimination of indigestible substances via the anus in the form of feces

22
Q

What is the Peritoneum? Name the 2 types and their locations

A

The Peritoneum consists of the serous membranes that line the abdominal cavity.
1. Visceral - membrane on external surface of most digestive organs
2. Parietal - membrane that lines the body wall

23
Q

What is the fluid-filled space called between 2 peritoneums?

A

Peritoneal cavity

24
Q

What is the double layer of peritoneum that holds organs in place?

A

Mesentery

25
Q

What is the function of the mesentery? (3)

A
  • Hold organs in place
  • Site of fat storage
  • Provides route for circulatory vessels, lymphatics and nerves
26
Q

Describe the Difference between Peritoneal organs and retroperitoneal organs

A

Peritoneal organs are organs that have kept their mesentery while retroperitoneal organs are located behind the peritoneum.

27
Q

Which organ is NOT retroperitoneal?
A. Duodenum
B. Large Intestine
C. Pancreas
D. Liver

A

D. Liver; the liver is considered peritoneal as it’s located in the peritoneal cavity

28
Q

What are secondarily retroperitoneal organs?

A

Organs initially formed within peritoneum but become retroperitoneal; fuse to posterior abdominal wall

29
Q

What are intraperitoneal organs?

A

organs located within the peritoneum

30
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
The mesentery attaches to the posterior abdominal wall

A

TRUE

31
Q

The gut tube is suspended by…
A. Retroperitoneum
B. Mesentery
C. Parietal peritoneum
D. Visceral peritoneum

A

B. Mesentery

32
Q

What are the names of the two mesenteries? Their functions?

A

Greater omentum - a “fatty apron” of peritoneum
Lesser omentum - attaches to lesser curvature of stomach

33
Q

All digestive organs have the same four basic layers (tunics):

A

Mucosa, Submucosa, Muscularis externa, and Serosa

34
Q

What is the mucosa and how many layers does it have?

A

Mucosa is a tunic layer that lines the lumen and has 3 sublayers: Epithelium, Lamina propria, and Muscularis mucosae

35
Q

What are the functions of these (the mucosa) layers?

A

Functions can perform one or all three:
- Secrete mucous, digestive enzymes, and hormones
- Absorbs end products of digestion
- Protects against infectious disease

36
Q

Describe the Epithelium layer

A
  • Simple columnar and mucous-secreting cells in most of tract
  • Secretes mucous
  • May secrete enzymes and hormones
37
Q

What is the purpose of mucous?

A

Ease food passage and protect digestive organs from enzymes

38
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Simple squamous epithelium is found in the Mouth, esophagus, and anus

A

FALSE
Stratified squamous epithelium is found here

39
Q

Describe the Lamina Propria layer

A
  • Loose areolar CT
  • Rich supply of capillaries
  • Contain lymphoid follicles
40
Q

Describe the Muscularis Mucosae layer

A

Smooth muscle that produces local movements of mucosa

41
Q

Describe the Submucosa layer

A
  • areolar CT
  • submucosal nerve plexus
  • abundant in elastic tissue
  • blood and lymphatic vessels
42
Q

Describe the Muscularis externa layer

A

Layer responsible for segmentation and peristalsis. Contains inner and outer layer

43
Q

Describe the Serosa layer

A

Contains mesothelium

Anat/Physio (23 decks)

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