Muscles Flashcards
Naming skeletal muscles
shape, location, size, direction of fibers, number of origins, location of attachments, muscle action, combination
All skeletal muscle consists of what?
Fascicles
What are the muscle arrangements?
Parallel, Circular, Convergent, Pennate (feathered), Fusiform
What are the types of Pennate arrangements?
Unipennate, Bipennate, Multipennate
What does circular arrangement refer to?
fascicles arranged in concentric rings (orbicularis oris)
What does a convergent arrangement refer to?
broad origin, fascicles converge towards single tendon insertion (pectoralis major)
What does a parallel arrangement refer to?
fascicles parallel to long axis of strap like muscle (sartorius)
What does a fusiform arrangement refer to?
spindle-shaped muscles with parallel fibers (biceps brachii)
What does a pennate arrangement refer to?
short fascicles attach obliquely to central tendon running length of muscle (rectus femoris)
What does unipennate refer to?
fascicles attach only to one side of tendon (extensor digitorum longus (shin muscle))
What does bipennate refer to?
fascicles insert from opposite sides of tendon ( rectus femoris)
What does multipennate refer to?
appears as feathers inserting into one tendon (deltoid)
What do the fascicles determine?
muscle power and ROM
What is an origin?
Stationary attachment site during muscle contraction
Whats an insertion?
Mobile attachment site during muscle contraction
Where do facial expression muscles insert?
Skin
Facial expression muscles are generally innervated by which nerve?
CN VII
What are the two groups of facial expression muscles?
Scalp and Face
What are the muscles of mastication?
Temporalis, Masseter, Pterygoids, and Buccinator
Temporalis and Masseter muscles are responsible for what?
prime movers of jaw closure
True or False: The muscles responsible for grinding movements are the pterygoids
True
Which muscle has the chewing role?
Buccinator
Which 3 muscles are responsible for anchoring and moving the tongue?
Genioglossus, Styoglossus, Hyoglossus
Which muscle divides the neck into 2 triangles, anterior and posterior?
Sternocleidomastoid
Explain swallowing
Tongue and Buccinator muscles push food back towards the pharynx, where muscles in the posterior mouth and pharynx complete the swallowing process. Epiglottis closes over the larynx while muscles in the walls of the pharynx propel food toward the stomach
What two types of muscles are involved in the swallowing process?
Suprahyoid and Infrahyoid
What muscles make up the suprahyoid muscles?
geniohyoid, mylohyoid, stylohyoid, hyoglossus
What “strap-like” muscles make up the infrahyoid muscles?
thyrohyoid, sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid
What are the functions of the suprahyoid muscles?
Anchor tongue
Form floor of oral cavity
Elevate hyoid bone
Move larynx
What are the functions of the infrahyoid muscles?
